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complished. As each of the conspirators came out of the house in the early morning he
was lassoed, and all were taken a little distance from town, where it was proposed to
shoot them. They expressed a desire to be allowed to die as Christians, to confess to
the priest, and receive the sacrament. This request was granted; the priest heard the
confessions of each, and administered the rites of the church. A trench of suitable depth
was then dug, and the Indians made to kneel close beside it. Then on being shot, each
fell into the ditch, where he was buried. Eight or ten Indians were executed at this time.
"While these proceedings were taking place a messenger was sent to one of the
Boston hide-ships lying in port, requesting
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that a cannon might be loaned to the town, to assist in its defense. The cannon was
sent over, with a suitable supply of ammunition. At night a party of citizens visited the
spot where the Indian spy was to appear, and succeeded in capturing him. He steadily
refused to confess, though assured that he would soon die, as his friends had done before
him. One of his ears was cut off, and he was given to understand that the other one
would follow, and that he would be mutilated little by little until he made the statement
required of him, whereupon, his resolution gave way, and he made a confession indicating
where the Indians were encamped, and telling all that he knew.
"After the spy had divulged all he knew, he was shot without further ceremony, he
being an unconverted Indian and not desiring the services of a priest. The next day the
citizens went out in force, found and surprised the Indians, and engaged them in battle;
numbers of them were killed, but none of the Californians."
In December, 1846, soon after the battle of San Pasqual, eleven men were killed
in an Indian uprising at Pauma. Their names were: Sergeant Francisco Basualdo, José
M. Alvarado, Manuel Serrano, Ramon Aguilar, an old man known as "Dominguito" but
whose name was Dominguez, Santiago Osuna, José Lopez, Santos Alipás, Estaquio
Ruiz, Juan de la Cruz, and a New Mexican whose name is not known.
These men were Mexican rangers and they were taken prisoners by the Pauma
Indians, whose chief, at the time, was Manuelito. It is not known why the Indians captured
them, but it is possible they had some grievance on account of past ill treatment.
The Indians were at first in doubt what to do with their prisoners; then came Bill Marshall,
a white man living with a neighboring tribe, who will be mentioned again later, and
told the Indians that, since the Mexicans and Americans were at war, it would please the
latter if they would execute these prisoners. This bad advice was taken and the men put
to death. Manuelito later became general over nearly all the Indians living in San Diego
county. He was a man of fine character and had many friends, among the warmest of
whom were some of the relatives of the murdered Spaniards.
Antonio Garra, a San Luis Rey Indian, received a fair education at the San Luis
Rey Mission. He was a man of energy, determination, and influence. He was chief of the
tribe residing in the neighborhood of Warner's Ranch, i. e., the Cupeños, and had large
herds of cattle and horses.
The first sheriff of San Diego County, Agostin Haraszthy, conceived it to be his
duty to collect taxes on the live stock of the Indians, and in his effort to do so came into
conflict with Garra. The Indians also claimed the whites were settling on their lands and
trying to take the hot springs away from them. Living with Garra's tribe at this time was
one William Mar-