Eclipse Combustion Engineering Guide - Burnerparts

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CONTENTS 1. Orifices & Flows Coefficients of Discharge for Various Types of Orifices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Orifice Flow Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Orifice Capacity Tables, Low Pressure Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Orifice Capacity Tables, High Pressure Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Piping Pressures Losses, Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Piping Pressure Losses, Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 High Pressure (Compressible) Flow of Natural Gas in Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Equivalent Lengths of Standard Pipe Fittings & Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Simplified Selection of Air, Gas and Mixture Piping Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Quick Method for Sizing Air Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sizing Branch Piping by the Equal Area Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 C v Flow Factor Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Duct Velocity & Flow Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. Fan Laws & Blower Application Engineering Theoretical Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Fan Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Blower Horsepower Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Blowers Used as Suction Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The Effect of Pressure on Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The Effect of Altitude on Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The Effect of Temperature on Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3. Gas Physical Properties of Commercial Fuel Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Combustion Properties of Commercial Fuel Gases Air/Gas Ratio, Flammability Limits, Ignition Temperature & Flame Velocity . . . 22 Heating Value, Heat Release & Flame Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Combustion Products & CO 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Equivalent Propane/Air & Butane/Air Btu Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Propane/Air & Butane/Air Mixture Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4. Oil Fuel Oil Specifications Per ANSI/ASTM D 396-79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Typical Properities of Commercial Fuel Oils in the U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Fuel Oil Viscosity Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 °API Vs. Oil Specific Gravity & Gross Heating Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Oil Piping Pressure Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Oil Temperature Drop in °F Per 100 Foot of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5. Steam & Water Boiler Terminology & Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Properties of Saturated Steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Btu/Hr. Required to Generate One Boiler H.P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Sizing Water Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Sizing Steam Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2
6. Electrical Data Electrical Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Electrical Wire – Dimensions & Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 NEMA Size Starters for Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 NEMA Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Electric Motors – Full Load Current, Amperes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7. Process Heating Heat Balances – Determining the Heat Needs of Furnaces and Ovens . . . . 35 Thermal Properties of Various Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Thermal Capacities of Metals & Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Industrial Heating Operations – Temperature & Heat Requirements . . . . . . 41 Crucibles for Metal Melting – Dimensions & Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Radiant Tubes – Sizing & Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Heat Losses, Heat Storage & Cold Face Temperatures – Refractory Walls . 44 Air Heating & Fume Incineration Heat Requirements Using “Raw Gas” Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Using Burners with Separate Combustion Air Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Fume Incineration – Selection & Sizing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Liquid Heating – Burner Sizing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Black Body Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Thermocouple Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Orton Standard Pyrometric Cone Temperature Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 8. Combustion Data Available Heat for Birmingham Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Available Heat for Various Fuel Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Flue Gas Analysis Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Theoretical Flame Tip Temperature vs. Excess Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Heat Transfer Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Thermal Head & Cold Air Infiltration into Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Furnace Flue Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9. Mechanical Data Dimensional and Capacity Data – Schedule 40 Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Dimensions of Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Sheet Metal Gauges & Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Steel Wire Gauges & Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Circumferences & Areas of Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Drill Size Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Tap Drill Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Drilling Templates – Pipe Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10. Abbreviations & Symbols Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Electrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 11. Conversion Factors General Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Temperature Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Pressure Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Index . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Tech Notes Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 3
Page 1: ECLIPSE COMBUSTION ENGINEERING GUI
Page 5 and 6: ORIFICE CAPACITY TABLES LOW PRESSUR
Page 7 and 8: CAPACITY, CFH @ 1″ W.C. PRESSURE
Page 9 and 10: ORIFICE CAPACITY TABLES FOR HIGH PR
Page 11 and 12: CAPACITY, SCFH @ 10 PSI PRESSURE DR
Page 13 and 14: PIPING PRESSURE LOSSES FOR LOW PRES
Page 15 and 16: SIMPLIFIED SELECTION OF AIR, GAS AN
Page 17 and 18: DUCT VELOCITY & FLOW MEASUREMENTS T
Page 19 and 20: FAN LAWS 1.Effect of Blower Speed o
Page 21 and 22: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON AIR Ba
Page 23 and 24: COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 4 - OIL FUEL OIL SPECIFICAT
Page 27 and 28: 1.1 ° API VS. OIL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Page 29 and 30: OIL PIPING TEMPERATURE LOSSES This
Page 31 and 32: BTU/HR REQUIRED TO GENERATE ONE BOI
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 6 - ELECRICAL DATA ELECTRIC
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 7 - PROCESS HEATING HEAT BA
Page 37 and 38: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS MATER
Page 39 and 40: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS MATER
Page 41 and 42: INDUSTRIAL HEATING OPERATIONS-TEMPE
Page 43 and 44: CRUCIBLES FOR METAL MELTING - DIMEN
Page 45 and 46: AIR HEATING & FUME INCINERATION HEA
Page 47 and 48: LIQUID HEATING - BURNER SIZING GUID
Page 49 and 50: BLACK BODY RADIATION 350 300 Heat T
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 8 - COMBUSTION DATA AVAILAB
Page 53 and 54:
THERMAL HEAD & COLD AIR INFILTRATIO
Page 55 and 56:
DIMENSIONS OF MALLEABLE IRON THREAD
Page 57 and 58:
CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES
Page 59 and 60:
DRILL SIZE DATA Twist Dia. Area Twi
Page 61 and 62:
CHAPTER 10 - ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOL
Page 63 and 64:
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS (Cont’d) Descr
Page 65 and 66:
GENERAL CONVERSION FACTORS (Cont’
Page 67 and 68:
GENERAL CONVERSION FACTORS (Cont’
Page 69 and 70:
PRESSURE CONVERSIONS inches ounces/
Page 71 and 72:
PRESSURE CONVERSIONS inches ounces/
Page 73 and 74:
Tech Notes Table Of Contents Sectio
Page 75 and 76:
Table I - TVT Mixer Data Range of M
Page 77 and 78:
8 1-K Capacities Of Eclipse Pilot &
Page 79 and 80:
50 Series 131 Pilot Mixers Air Flow
Page 81 and 82:
Tech Notes Section 2 Sheet A-2 Flam
Page 83 and 84:
Tech Notes Section 2 Sheet A-4 Avai
Page 85 and 86:
Tech Notes Section 2 Sheet C-2 Nozz
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Disadvantages • Most expensive of
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Tech Notes Section 2 Sheet C-10 Bac
Page 99 and 100:
4) lb./million Btu to ppm at 0% O2
Page 101 and 102:
Tech Notes Section 2 Sheet H-1 Recu
Page 103 and 104:
TechNotes Section NFPA Requirements
Page 105 and 106:
Tech Notes Section 2 Sheet R-2 IRI
Page 107 and 108:
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description In
Page 109 and 110:
Gross Heating Value Liquid Btu/U.S.
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 1: Immersion Tube Efficiency
Page 113 and 114:
Above 140° F water begins to vapor
Page 115 and 116:
References: Thermal Manual of Subme
Page 117 and 118:
Tech Notes Section 3 Sheet O-1 Dete
Page 119:
Offered By: Power Equipment Company
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