Eclipse Combustion Engineering Guide - Burnerparts

CHAPTER 3 – GAS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL FUEL GASES
Constituents – % by Volume Density, Specific
Specific Lb per Volume
No. Gas CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 CO H 2 CO 2 O 2 N 2 Gravity Cu Ft Cu Ft/Lb
1 Acetylene – – – (100% C 2 H 2 ) – – – 0.91 .07 14.4
2 Blast Furnace Gas – – – – 27.5 1 11.5 – 60 1.02 .078 12.8
3 Butane (natural gas) – – 7 93 – – – – – 1.95 .149 6.71
4 Butylene (Butene) – – – (100% C 4 H 8 ) – – – 1.94 .148 6.74
5 Carbon Monoxide – – – – 100 – – – – 0.97 .074 13.5
6 Carburetted Water Gas 10.2 (6.1% C 2 H 4 , 2.8% C 6 H 6 ) 34 40.5 3 0.5 2.9 0.63 .048 20.8
7 Coke Oven Gas 32.1 (3.5% C 2 H 4 , 0.5% C 6 H 6 ) 6.3 46.5 2.2 0.8 8.1 0.44 .034 29.7
8 Digester (Sewage) Gas 67 – – (8% H 2 O) – 25 – – 0.80 .062 16.3
9 Ethane – 100 – – – – – – – 1.05 .080 12.5
10 Hydrogen – – – – – 100 – – – 0.07 .0054 186.9
11 Methane 100 – – – – – – – – 0.55 .042 23.8
12 Natural (Birmingham, AL) 90 5 – – – – – – 5 0.60 .046 21.8
13 Natural (Pittsburgh, PA) 83.4 15.8 – – – – – – 0.8 0.61 .047 21.4
14 Natural (Los Angeles, CA) 77.5 16.0 – – – – 6.5 – – 0.70 .054 18.7
15 Natural (Kansas City, MO) 84.1 6.7 – – – – 0.8 – 8.4 0.63 .048 20.8
16 Natural (Groningen, 81.3 2.9 0.4 0.1 – – 0.9 – 14.4 0.64 .048 20.7
Netherlands)
17 Natural (Midlands Grid, U.K.) 91.8 3.5 0.8 0.3 – – 0.4 – 2.8 0.61 .046 21.8
18 Producer (Wellman-Galusha) 2.3 – – – 25 14.5 4.7 – 52.7 0.84 .065 15.4
19 Propane (natural gas) – – 100 – – – – – – 1.52 .116 8.61
20 Propylene (Propene) – – – (100% C 3 H 6 ) – – – 1.45 .111 9.02
21 Sasol (South Africa) 26 – – – 22 48 – 0.5 1 0.42 .032 31.3
22 Water Gas (bituminous) 4.6 (0.4% C 2 H 4 , 0.3% C 6 H 6 ) 28.2 32.5 5.5 0.9 27.6 0.71 .054 18.7
COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL FUEL GASES
Air/Gas Ratio, Flammability Limits, Ignition Temperature & Flame Velocity
Limits of
Stoichiometric Flammability Minimum Maximum
Air/Gas Ratio % Gas in Ignition Flame Velocity
Cu Ft Air/ Lb Air/ Air/Gas Mixture Temperature in Air,
No. Gas Cu Ft Gas Lb Gas Lean Rich in Air, °F Ft/Sec*
1 Acetylene 11.91 13.26 2.5 80 581 9.4
2 Blast Furnace Gas 0.68 0.67 45 72 – –
3 Butane (natural gas) 30.47 15.63 1.86 8.41 826 2.8
4 Butylene (Butene) 28.59 14.77 1.7 9 829 3.2
5 Carbon Monoxide 2.38 2.46 12 74 1128 2.0
6 Carburetted Water Gas 4.60 7.36 4.2 42.9 – –
7 Coke Oven Gas 4.99 11.27 4.5 31.5 – –
8 Digester (Sewage) Gas 6.41 7.97 8 17 – –
9 Ethane 16.68 15.98 3.15 12.8 882 2.8
10 Hydrogen 2.38 33.79 4 74.2 1065 16.0
11 Methane 9.53 17.23 5 15 1170 2.2
12 Natural (Birmingham, AL) 9.41 15.68 7.03 15.77 – –
13 Natural (Pittsburgh, PA) 10.58 17.31 4.6 14.7 – –
14 Natural (Los Angeles, CA) 10.05 14.26 4.9 15.6 – –
15 Natural (Kansas City, MO) 9.13 14.59 5.4 16.3 – –
16 Natural (Groningen, 8.41 13.45 6.1 15 1238 1.18
Netherlands)
17 Natural (Midlands Grid, U.K.) 9.8 16.13 5 15 1300 0.98
18 Producer (Wellman-Galusha) 1.30 1.56 16.4 69.4 – –
19 Propane (natural gas) 23.82 15.73 2.37 9.50 898 2.7
20 Propylene (Propene) 21.44 14.77 2 11.1 856 3.3
21 Sasol (South Africa) 4.13 9.84 5.3 37.4 – –
22 Water Gas (bituminous) 2.01 2.86 8.9 61 – –
*Uniform flame speed in a 1" diameter tube. Flame speeds increase in larger diameter tubes.
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