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5.5. Roma Shelf Study Area The Roma Shelf is located on the western edge of the Permo–Triassic Bowen Basin, between 200 and 500 km from southeast Queensland power stations (Figure 2.2). The Roma Shelf is a mature hydrocarbon province with approximately 131 million–barrels of oil equivalent hydrocarbons and water produced to 2002 (~ 59 Mt CO 2 equivalent). Hydrocarbon accumulations on the Roma Shelf are spread out over 100 km and found within small fault limited traps, typically within stacked reservoirs of the Permian–Triassic Bowen and Jurassic Surat basins (part of the Great Artesian Basin). The stacked nature of reservoir pools suggests that migrating hydrocarbons filled the lowest available porous sandstone (at the lowest closing contour), then migrated vertically to overlying formations via fault conduits. This process repeated creating stacked hydrocarbon accumulations until the peak of generation had passed and/or hydrocarbons reached the fresh water aquifer of the Great Artesian Basin. The Artesian Basin has a strong regional flow in the order of 2.5 m/y; this has resulted in a smear of hydrocarbons being carried westward (Figures 3.2 and 5.3). Stacked hydrocarbons on the Roma Shelf suggest that CO 2 storage potential is restricted to known pool limits of depleted fields, with significant risk of CO 2 leaking vertically up faults into the artesian system. Detailed analysis of additional trapping mechanisms for CO 2 storage on the Roma Shelf, namely long distance migration and dissolution trapping, has not been carried out to date. However, the most suitable reservoir appears to be the Showgrounds Sandstone, the same unit being tested on the Wunger Ridge. The Showgrounds Sandstone is expected to have similar properties (because of its matching depositional facies) on the Roma Shelf as seen at the Wunger Ridge. As a result the Wunger Ridge modelling may be a good representation of CO 2 storage behaviour on the Roma Shelf. Should a full analysis of the Roma Shelf CO 2 storage potential be required, it should only take minimal time to transfer the observed geological knowledge and techniques into a meaningful geological model of the Roma Shelf. Figure 5.3. Hydrocarbon fields on the Roma Shelf – Bowen Basin. a) Field outlines of the Permo-Triassic, Bowen Basin hydrocarbon pools. b) Field outlines of the Jurassic Surat Basin hydrocarbon pools on the Roma Shelf. The coincident location of some accumulations imply vertical migration of hydrocarbons. 36
5.6. Northeast Bowen Basin Study Area The geological CO 2 storage potential of the north-eastern Bowen Basin was investigated due to the area’s proximity to major power stations and other major stationary sources of CO 2 located along the eastern seaboard (Figure 2.1b; Appendix 10.5). Several potential reservoir units exhibiting characteristics suitable for CO 2 storage have been identified, albeit with varying confidence. The sandstones in the region are of Permian–Triassic age with the majority having a volcano-lithic origin. Subsequent diagenetic and hydrological processes have altered the volcano-genic constituents of the sandstone matrix, resulting in high clay content. Consequently, the sandstones developed within the area display low porosity with unknown permeability due to a lack of permeability data in the study area. Investigating the mineralogy within the sandstone matrix and it’s reactivity within a CO 2 rich environment is outside the scope of this project. These aspects will require further investigation should geological storage of CO 2 be further considered in the study area. The northern part of the study area has minor thin volcanogenic, lithic rich sandstones of Permian age. Such sandstones do not appear to have reservoir potential. Exploration in this area is focused on Coal Seam Methane (CSM) exploration/production. The northern section of the study area is currently producing methane gas from coal seams, and several coal mines exist around the Moura region. It is unlikely that within the coal measures, regionally connected reservoir sandstone intervals exist in the areas which are producing methane gas from coal seams. CSM production requires significant dewatering of the coal seam to reduce the pore pressure and release the methane gas. Producible coal seams connected to permeable sandstone aquifers require additional water extraction reducing the economic viability of the project. Therefore a risk reduction strategy adopted by CSM producers is to target areas where sandstone quality and development is poor such as the north eastern Bowen Basin. The southern section of the study area appears to have the greatest potential for geological storage of CO 2 , based on the data currently available. Rocks located near Champagne Creek show the greatest potential. Sunshine Gas Ltd is hoping to produce gas from the Triassic Moolayember Formation from several isolated hydrocarbon accumulations within the Champagne Creek structure. The southern area is also host to the Peat and Scotia Coal-Seam-Methane field. Work into enhanced-coal-seam-methane production through CO 2 sequestration may highlight further potential; however it is beyond the scope of this study. The best reservoir unit in the region is the Jurassic Precipice Sandstone from the Surat Basin. However, this unit is a key fresh water aquifer, has no overlying sealing lithology in this region and ranges in depth from outcrop to 450m. Subsequently the Precipice Sandstone which is the best reservoir unit in the region is not considered a suitable unit for CO 2 storage. Further work to fully characterise potential reservoirs throughout the eastern area of the Taroom Trough up to the ESSCI level may be required in the near future. In the Denison Trough three injection test sites are being prepared to test the technical viability of CO 2 injection and storage in low porosity and permeability rocks. The outcome of these tests would be directly applicable to sites located along the eastern Taroom Trough. 5.7. Chapter References Bradshaw, B., Bradshaw, J., Dance, T., Reilly, N.S., Sayers, J., Spencer, L. and Wilson, P., 2003. Geodisc ArcView GIS Version 2.01. APCRC Confidential GIS. Sayers, J., Marsh, C., Scott, A., Cinar, Y., Bradshaw, J., Hennig, A., Barclay, S. and Daniel, R., 2006. Assessment of a potential storage site for carbon dioxide – A case study, southeast 37
Page 1: Site Specific Studies for Geologica
Page 4 and 5: Cooperative Research Centre for Gre
Page 6 and 7: 5.7. Chapter References ...........
Page 8 and 9: Tables Table 2.1. Physical properti
Page 10 and 11: Figure 6.19. Photograph of Harbour-
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary The GEODISC progr
Page 15 and 16: 1. Introduction Significant debate
Page 17 and 18: 2. Geographical and Industrial Sett
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2.2. Close-up images of stud
Page 21 and 22: 10000 1000 AOI for carbon dioxide i
Page 23 and 24: l l 145° 150° l Moranbah Long rea
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.1. Summary of the key risk
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.11. Lakefield Basin. The Lakefi
Page 29 and 30: GEODISC concluded that the Drummond
Page 31 and 32: The Denison Trough is a western ext
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.5. Structure of the Deniso
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.7.Schematic geological cro
Page 37 and 38: • A comprehensive set of wells an
Page 39 and 40: sandstone of the Bundamba Group, Cl
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.1. Location of all wells u
Page 43 and 44: 5. Bowen Basin Summary Reviews 5.1.
Page 45 and 46: 5.4. Southeast Bowen Basin Study Ar
Page 47: 5.4.2. Seismic Data Seven horizons
Page 51 and 52: 6. Southwest Bowen Basin Study Area
Page 53 and 54: Basement (BASE) The BASE horizon is
Page 55 and 56: 6.1.4. Mapping Time structure, dept
Page 57 and 58: Figure 6.1. Seismic sections across
Page 59 and 60: 0 TWT ~ Depth (SRD = 244m) TWT (ms)
Page 61 and 62: Figure 6.7. BANDANNA-to-SHOWGROUNDS
Page 63 and 64: Maps and Basin Fill The Basement to
Page 65 and 66: Showgrounds Sandstone/Snake Creek M
Page 67 and 68: Using this method there is a potent
Page 69 and 70: 6.3.4. X-ray Diffractometry X-ray D
Page 71 and 72: and permeability are sedimentary fa
Page 73 and 74: Cores from wells located on the Wun
Page 75 and 76: Many of the wells in the central pa
Page 77 and 78: Figure 6.24. Core description of th
Page 79 and 80: oreholes. Depositional processes in
Page 81 and 82: Figure 6.30. Photograph of Rednook-
Page 83 and 84: Figure 6.32. Relative palaeo-water
Page 85 and 86: associated with the increase in tot
Page 87 and 88: The interpretation of multiple chan
Page 89 and 90: Beyond the meandering system, a del
Page 91 and 92: c) 148°00' 148*20' 148°40' 27°20
Page 93 and 94: The ductility and compressibility o
Page 95 and 96: 148:30 149:00 149:30 N Depth toTop
Page 97 and 98: The only recent well with reasonabl
Page 99 and 100:
Rewan Formation- Showgrounds Sandst
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For a simplified model, as used in
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Table 6.5. Reservoir properties. Pr
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6.7.4. Simulation Results Prelimina
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• it is difficult to quantify the
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Brakel et al., (in press), In Korsc
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7. Summary and Implications - South
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8. Recommendations- Southeast Queen
Page 115 and 116:
9. Acknowledgements The project gro
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List of authors Note: (main authors
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