Vol.1 part 4-5 - Department of Invertebrate Zoology

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 . Maps of the study area-(Top)Location of study area (Bottom) Study area showing sampling sites . . . . . . . . . . 3 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 . Instrument parameters-AAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 . Trace concentrations and percent recovery in NBS SRM 1645 River Sediment (fig/g dry wt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 . Trace concentrations and percent recovery in NBS SRM 1577 Bovine Liver (mg/g dry wt). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4 . Comparison of the mean trace metal concentrations (Ng/g dry wt) in surficial sediments with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 S . Biota samples collected for trace metal analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Biota samples common to other Gulf of Mexico marine environmental studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7 . Comparison of trace metal concentrations (pg/g dry wt) in Archosargus probatocephalus (sheepshead) organs with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8. Comparison of average trace metal concentrations (fig/g dry wt) in Chaetodipterus faber (spadefish) organs with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS 9. Comparison of average trace metal concentrations (jAg/g dry wt) in Micropogoa undulates (Croaker) organs with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 10. Comparison of average trace metal concentrations (fig/g dry wt) in Lufjanus campechanus (Red Snapper) organs with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 11 . Comparison of average trace metal concentrations (ug/g dry wt) in Penaeus aztecus (brown shrimp) organs with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 12. Comparison of average trace metal concentrations (ug/g dry wt) in Penaeus sedferus (white shrimp) organs with other Gulf of Mexico studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 13 . Number of individuals which must be analyzed to detect a given percentage difference in Penaeus aztxus muscle tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 14 . Number of individuals which must be analyzed to detect a given percentage difference in Micropogon undulates muscle tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 IS . Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 16 . Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 17 . Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ABSTRACT In 1978 and 1979, a multidisciplinary study of the effects of offshore petroleum production platforms on the marine environment was funded through the Bureau of Land Management and done by Southwest Research Institute . Twenty platforms in the Gulf of Mexico offshore Louisiana and west of the Mississippi River delta were studied . Four Primary Platforms and four Control Sites were visited in each of three seasons; May 1978 (Cruise I), August-September 1978 (Cruise II), and January 1979 (Cruise III), and 16 Secondary Platforms were sampled during Cruise II . Trace metal research examined surficial sediments, downcore sediments and selected biological samples collected up to 2000 m from these platforms . Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in these samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry ; Ba and V were determined by neutron activation analysis . Surficial sediment trace metal concentrations did not show strong evidence of contamination from the platforms . However, at 100 m of some platforms there were elevated concentrations of metals (Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) that were not related to natural geochemical processes. These elevated concentrations of metals were not correlated with the age of the platforms, the quantity of petroleum production, or the number of wells on the platforms. Sediment flow from the Mississippi River is thought to "mask" any trace metal sediment concentrations around the platforms. Unsuccessful attempts to determine the chronological age of downcore sediments by Pb-210 dating techniques are thought to be due to one or more of the following: (1) excessive levels of Ra-226 supported Pb-210 (2) high sedimentation rates (3) sediment reworking (4) the possibility of sediment mixing during sample collection (piston coring) . Downcore sediment trace metal concentrations were relatively constant with depth . However, concentrations of Ba, Cd, and Zn showed an increase with depth . Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni in sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus), spadefish (Chaetodipterus fa6er), and red snapper (Lu(janus campechanus) associated with the platform structures suggest a relationship with surficial sediment concentrations . No evidence of bioaccumulation was observed . vii
Page 1 and 2: 1981 - 13 ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Page 3 and 4: ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF PETROL
Page 5 and 6: VOLUME I-POLLUTANT FATE AND EFFECTS
Page 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) 3. Task
Page 11 and 12: wells had been drilled and also sho
Page 13 and 14: II . MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Sampl
Page 15 and 16: approximately the same size and dev
Page 17 and 18: analyses . The standard reference s
Page 19 and 20: TABLE S . Biota samples collected f
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 7. Comparison of trace metal
Page 23 and 24: TABLE 9 . Comparison of average tra
Page 25 and 26: TABLE 11 . Comparison of average tr
Page 27 and 28: IV . DISCUSSION A. Sediments l . Su
Page 29 and 30: whether or not sediment contaminati
Page 31 and 32: Cu, and Zn concentrations are simil
Page 33 and 34: number of species being collected f
Page 35 and 36: l x 10-6 TABLE 17 OIL Probable Poss
Page 37 and 38: V. CONCLUSIONS No strong evidence e
Page 39 and 40: VII. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, J .
Page 41 and 42: VIII . PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS John
Page 43 and 44: APPENDIX A Abbreviations used in th
Page 45 and 46: APPENDIX B Metal Concentrations in
Page 47 and 48: Summary for CD in Surficial Sedimen
Page 49 and 50: Summary for CU in SurfiCial Sedimen
Page 51 and 52: Summary for NJ in Surficial Sedimen
Page 53 and 54: Summary for V in Surficial Sediment
Page 55 and 56: Trace Metals in Surficial Sediments
Page 57 and 58: APPENDIX Cl Graph of Metal Concentr
Page 59 and 60:
Ca VERSUS Fe FOR bLMZB1CX +I t+t+tt
Page 61 and 62:
. i t -- - * - . _ p5 .5~- Cu VERSU
Page 63 and 64:
Ni VERSUS Ft FOR BLM2B1Cx tl*+t+ *t
Page 65 and 66:
zn VERSUS F. FOR aLMZetcx - 210:0 t
Page 67 and 68:
Summary for CD/FE in Surfieial Sedi
Page 69 and 70:
I I Summary for CU/FE in Surfieiat
Page 71 and 72:
Summary for PB/FE in 3urfieisl Sedi
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Trace Metals/FE in 3urfieisl Sedime
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APPENDIX D Metal Concentrations vs
Page 77 and 78:
Summary for CR/CLAY in Surtieial Se
Page 79 and 80:
~ Summary for FE/CLAY in Surtieiel
Page 81 and 82:
. Summary for PB/CLAY in Surficial
Page 83 and 84:
. (Trace Metals/CLAY in Surficial S
Page 85 and 86:
APPENDIX E Metal Concentration vs H
Page 87 and 88:
Summary Ior tR/MC in Surfitiat Sedi
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Summary for FE/HC in Surficial Sedi
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Summary for PB/MC in Surticisl Sedi
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Trace Metals/Ht Station OS in Surfi
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APPENDIX Fl Concentration of Trace
Page 97 and 98:
APPENDIX F2 Concentration of Trace
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10 20 30 CM 40 50 0 0 .2 0 .4 0,6 0
Page 101 and 102:
10 20 30 CM 40 50 FIG. 4 . 5 10 15
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0 _- to 20 30 CM O ~+ 40 t~ O 50 O
Page 105 and 106:
10 20 30 CM 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 V (
Page 107 and 108:
APPENDIX G Downcore Sediment Pb-210
Page 109 and 110:
Sample Moisture Total Weight of pCi
Page 111 and 112:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I . INTRODUC
Page 113 and 114:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 . Map
Page 115 and 116:
LIST OF TABLES (coat'd) Page 36. 37
Page 117 and 118:
I . INTRODUCTION Microorganisms are
Page 119 and 120:
II . METHODS AND MATERIALS A. Study
Page 121 and 122:
Secondary Platform 13-1967 spill of
Page 123 and 124:
TABLE 3 . Composition of synthetic
Page 125 and 126:
ecording integrator . Total oil was
Page 127 and 128:
with 1 % finely ground chitin for 3
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n,., T f+ C 41 N G d d r x .` d V U
Page 131 and 132:
300 41 200 m E as H I-25X m a X U F
Page 133 and 134:
T 0 ,o 20 30 O r X .` V m 40 W m 50
Page 135 and 136:
C m E E X OD N O C O t0 .y d U v O
Page 137 and 138:
s° O Q 0 18 * 24 0 14 e o ~o O° 0
Page 139 and 140:
100 80 J=257 60 40 20 i 0 1 N 1 E 1
Page 141 and 142:
TABLE 16 . Total number of yeast an
Page 143 and 144:
triplicate tubes of Rosenfeld's Sul
Page 145 and 146:
O V ~ ~J o v n -- 0 `'' e g 21 ~ 5
Page 147 and 148:
TABLE 29 . Concentrations of inorga
Page 149 and 150:
TABLE 33 . Oxygen consumption (z t
Page 151 and 152:
TABLE 37 . Oxygen consumption (z f
Page 153 and 154:
6.02 /x 15C 5.16 ~x27x x ~x-x ~x -x
Page 155 and 156:
10 VIL FLASKS 8 02 CONSUMED N W H J
Page 157 and 158:
2.0 FE O H Q ac 1 .0 0 50 100 150 2
Page 159 and 160:
FIG . 17 . Gas chromatography traci
Page 161 and 162:
8000 6000 W J 4000 Q i i 2000 i 0 2
Page 163 and 164:
TABLE 40 . Respiration rate for pur
Page 165 and 166:
4DOO sN N m r "O V 1000 500 50 100
Page 167 and 168:
TABLE 41 . Concentrations of NH4-N,
Page 169 and 170:
TABLE 45 . Concentrations of insolu
Page 171 and 172:
TABLE 47 . COZ produced from glucos
Page 173 and 174:
TABLE 49 . COZ produced from glucos
Page 175 and 176:
IS. Phosphorus Uptake Forty composi
Page 177 and 178:
TABLE 52 . COZ produced from tripal
Page 179 and 180:
TABLE 54 . Quantity of COZ produced
Page 181 and 182:
TABLE 56 . Quantity of COZ produced
Page 183 and 184:
TABLE 57 . COZ produced from cellul
Page 185 and 186:
TABLE 59 . COZ produced from cellul
Page 187 and 188:
TABLE 61 . COZ produced from bovine
Page 189 and 190:
TABLE 63 . Impact of oil on metabol
Page 191 and 192:
2500 0 W U D O a O U CM i 2000 1500
Page 193 and 194:
500 400 O W U O 0 X a N 0 U i 300 Z
Page 195 and 196:
IV . DISCUSSION A . Analysis of Mic
Page 197 and 198:
aerobic heterotrophs after sediment
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grab samples (e .g. fungal counts f
Page 201 and 202:
p0 O° y °~, ,y 0 ' 2 c~ oa Ct_ c3
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een discussed for each of the micro
Page 205 and 206:
maximum of 269 pg/day (see Tables 5
Page 207 and 208:
VI . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We express ou
Page 209 and 210:
Coler, R.A ., and H .B . Gunner . 1
Page 211 and 212:
VIII . PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM
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