The Frontal lobes - Mahidol University

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19/07/54 The Frontal Lobes Are Considered Our Emotional Control Center and Home to Our Personality There Is No Other Part of the Brain Where Lesions Can Cause Such a Wide Variety of Symptoms. ‐ involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social iland sexual behavior. bh ‐ extremely vulnerable to injury due to their location at the front of the cranium, proximity to the sphenoid wing and their large size. There Are Important Asymmetrical Differences in the Frontal Lobes. The left frontal lobe is involved in controlling language related movement, whereas the right frontal lobe plays a role in non‐verbal abilities. Some researchers emphasize that this rule is not absolute and that with many people, both lobes are involved in nearly all behavior. Disturbance of motor function is typically characterized by loss of fine movements and strength of the arms, hands and fingers. Complex chains of motor movement also seem to be controlled by the frontal lobes. Patients with frontal lobe damage exhibit little spontaneous facial expression, which points to the role of the frontal lobes in facial expression. Broca's Aphasia, or difficulty in speaking, has been associated with frontal damage. 34
19/07/54 An interesting phenomenon of frontal lobe damage is the insignificant effect it can have on traditional IQ testing. Frontal lobe damage seems to have an impact on divergent thinking, or flexibility and problem solving ability. There is also evidence showing lingering interference with attention and memory even after good recovery from a TBI. One Characteristics of Frontal Lobe Damage Is Difficulty in Interpreting Feedback From the Environment Perseverating on a response, risk taking and non‐compliance with rules, and impaired associated learning (using external cues to help guide behavior) are a few examples of this type of deficit. The frontal lobes are also thought to play a part in our spatial orientation, including our bodies orientation in space. One of the Most Common Effects of Frontal Damage Can Be a Dramatic Change in Social Behavior. A person's personality can undergo significant changes after an injury to the frontal lobes, especially when both lobes are involved. There are some differences in the left versus right frontal lobes in this area. Left frontal damage usually manifests as pseudodepression and right frontal damage as pseudopsychopathic. One of the most common effects of frontal damage can be a dramatic change in social behavior. Sexual behavior can also be effected by frontal lesions. Orbital frontal damage can introduce abnormal sexual behavior, while dorsolateral lesions may reduce sexual interest. Some Common Tests for Frontal Lobe Function Are: Wisconsin Card Sorting (response inhibition); Finger Tapping (motor skills); Token Test (language skills). The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test of "setshifting", i.e. the ability to display flexibility in the face of changing schedules of reinforcement. The WCST was written by David A. Grant and Esta A. Berg. The Professional Manual for the WCST was written by Robert K. Heaton, Gordon J. Chelune, Jack L. Talley, Gary G. Kay, and Glenn Curtiss. Clinically, the test is widely used by neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, neurologists and psychiatrists in patients with acquired brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, or mental tlillness such as schizophrenia. h i It has been In particular, patients with ihlesions considered a measure of executive function because of its of the dorsolateral frontal lobe reported sensitivity to frontal lobe dysfunction. As such, the make a higher number of WCST allows the clinician to assess the following "frontal" lobe functions: strategic planning, organized searching, perseverative errors than control utilizing environmental feedback to shift cognitive sets, participants. directing behavior toward achieving a goal, and modulating A recent factor analysis of the WCST impulsive responding. The test can be administered to those has shown these perseverative errors 6.5 years to 89 years of age. to be the most useful outcome Although successful completion of the test relies upon a measure in assessing cases. A more number of intact cognitive functions including attention, sophisticated description of deficits of working memory, and visual processing, it is loosely termed a this type is "executive dysfunction". "frontal lobe" test on the basis that patients with any sort of frontal lobe lesion generally do poorly at the test. 35
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Page 5 and 6: 19/07/54 The premotor cortex is dys
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Page 19 and 20: 19/07/54 สมองคน Frontal
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Page 31 and 32: 19/07/54 Impairment of social and m
Page 33: 19/07/54 Frontal lobe and Executive
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Page 39 and 40: 19/07/54 Impairment of Abstract Rea
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Page 43 and 44: 19/07/54 Confabulation and Reduplic
Page 45 and 46: 19/07/54 Schizophrenia • Schizoph
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