AISP Kamehameha Highway Guideway - Honolulu Rail Transit Project

Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: MANANA 1
Table of Contents
Management Summary ............................................................................................................ i
Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Project Background ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Overview of Proposed Project Construction.................................................................................. 7
1.2.1 Fixed Guideway and Transit Stations ..................................................................................... 7
1.2.2 Support Facilities .................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.3 Ancillary Impacts .................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Natural Environment............................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Built Environment ................................................................................................................ 13
Section 2 Background Research ........................................................................................... 14
2.1 Mythological and Traditional Accounts ...................................................................................... 14
2.1.1 Place Names of Eastern ‘Ewa............................................................................................... 14
2.1.2 Traditions Associated with the ‘Ewa District ....................................................................... 22
2.2 Historical Background ................................................................................................................. 35
2.2.1 ‘Ewa as a Political Center ..................................................................................................... 35
2.2.2 Observations of Early Explorers and Foreign Residents ...................................................... 37
2.2.3 Missionary Stations and the Population Census ................................................................... 39
2.2.4 Pre-Contact and Early Post-Contact Agriculture .................................................................. 41
2.2.5 Mid-1800s and the Māhele ................................................................................................... 46
2.2.6 Historic Agricultural Enterprises .......................................................................................... 53
2.2.7 The Oahu Railway and Land Company (O.R. & L.) ............................................................ 56
2.2.8 Military Development at Pearl Harbor ................................................................................. 58
2.2.9 From Rural Farms to Modern Urban Development .............................................................. 60
2.3 Previous Archaeological Research .............................................................................................. 64
2.3.1 Archaeological Research in the Immediate Vicinity of the Current Study Area .................. 64
2.3.2 Archaeological Research within the Current Study Area ..................................................... 71
2.4 Background Summary and Predictive Model .............................................................................. 72
Section 3 Planned AIS Research Design .............................................................................. 73
3.1 Field Methods .............................................................................................................................. 73
3.1.1 Personnel ............................................................................................................................... 73
3.1.2 Pedestrian Survey ................................................................................................................. 73
3.1.3 GPR Survey .......................................................................................................................... 73
3.1.4 Excavation Methods ............................................................................................................. 74
3.2 Laboratory Methods ..................................................................................................................... 77
3.3 AIS Report ................................................................................................................................... 77
3.4 Final Disposition of Collections .................................................................................................. 78
Section 4 Sampling Strategy .................................................................................................. 79
4.1 Archaeological Observation of Geotechnical Testing ................................................................. 79
4.2 Excavation Sampling Strategy ..................................................................................................... 79
4.2.1 Excavation Sampling Strategy – Transit Stations and Park-and-Ride Facility..................... 79
4.2.2 Excavation Sampling Strategy – Guideway Column Foundation Locations ........................ 83
Section 5 References Cited .................................................................................................... 99
Archaeological Inventory Survey Plan, HHCTCP Construction Phase II, Waiawa, Mānana, Waimano, Waiau,
Waimalu, Kalauao, ‘Aiea, and Hālawa Ahupua‘a, ‘Ewa District, Island of O‘ahu
TMK[1] 9-7, 9-8, and 9-9 - Various Plats and Parcels
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