Lesson 3: Species in the environmental complex

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Key aspects of ecotypes according to Turreson s concept • Wide-ranging species are differentiated into different hereditary groups that are genetically based (ecotypes). They are discrete entities with clear differences separating them from other ecotypes. • The genetic differences are adaptations to the different habitats. • Ecotypes occur in distinctive habitats. In a given habitat populations of different species often exhibit similar morphological and developmental characteristics. Distinctiveness can be morphological, physiological, and/or phenological. (e.g. (1) life form, (2) timing of growth, (3) tolerance of frost, (4) tolerance of salt, and (5) tolerance of shade.) • They are potentially interfertile with other ecotypes of the same species.
Clausen, Keck, and Heisey (1940) Fig. 3.5. Barbour et al. 1999. • Ecotypes along an elevation transect in California. • Initially, they had many transplant gardens located along this transect and were transplanting about 180 species from different areas into as many gardens as possible. • Reduced the number of gardens to the three at Stanford, Mather, and a Timberlilne site, and 60 species. • Transplanted local species from each site into the other gardens.
Page 1 and 2: Lesson 3: Species in the environmen
Page 3 and 4: Why are organisms absent some place
Page 5 and 6: Liebig s Law of the Minimum • Lie
Page 7 and 8: Shelford s Law of Tolerance • The
Page 9 and 10: -phile and -phobe • These suffixe
Page 11 and 12: Biotic Controls: Competitive exclus
Page 13 and 14: Competitive exclustion in plants: H
Page 15 and 16: The ecological (or realized) niche
Page 17 and 18: Dwight Billings • Dwight Billings
Page 19 and 20: Billings: Groups of factors in a te
Page 21 and 22: What is a species?: The biological
Page 23 and 24: Ecotype Concept • Many botanists
Page 25: Turreson s observations of Betula .
Page 29 and 30: Three ecotypes (subspecies) of Pote
Page 31 and 32: Morphological, biochemical, and phe
Page 33 and 34: Ecocline concept • Langlet (1959)
Page 35 and 36: Other studies the helped demonstrat
Page 37 and 38: McGraw and Antonovics study of Drya
Page 39: Literature for Lesson 3 • Billing

Lesson 3: Species in the environmental complex

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