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Activity page 12C Source 7 Bathurst was founded at the terminus of Cox’s Road on the orders of Governor Lachlan Macquarie who selected the site on 7 May 1815. It is the oldest inland town in Australia. The name Bathurst comes from the surname of the British Colonial Secretary Lord Bathurst. It was intended to be the administrative centre of the western plains of New South Wales, where orderly colonial settlement was planned. The settlers who crossed the Blue Mountains were harassed by Wiradjuri warriors, who killed or wounded stock-keepers and stock and were subjected to retaliatory killings. In response, Governor Brisbane proclaimed martial law on 14 August 1824 to end ‘… the Slaughter of Black Women and Children, and unoffending White Men …’. It remained in force until 11 December 1824. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst,_New_South_Wales andhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars#New_South_Wales Source 8 Biography of Windradyne (c.1800–1829) Windradyne (c.1800–1829), Aboriginal resistance leader, also known as SATURDAY, was a northern Wiradjuri man of the upper Macquarie River region in central-western New South Wales. Emerging as a key protagonist in a period of Aboriginal-settler conflict later known as the ‘Bathurst Wars’, in December 1823 ‘Saturday’ was named as an instigator of clashes between Aborigines and settlers that culminated in the death of two convict stockmen at Kings Plains. He was arrested and imprisoned at Bathurst for one month; it was reported that six men and a severe beating with a musket were needed to secure him. After some of the most violent frontier incidents of the period, including the killing of seven stockmen in the Wyagdon Ranges north of Bathurst and the murder of Aboriginal women and children by settler–vigilantes near Raineville in May 1824, Governor Brisbane placed the western district under martial law on 14 August. The local military was increased to seventy-five troops, and magistrates were permitted to administer summary justice. Windradyne’s apparent involvement in the murder of European stockmen resulted in a reward of 200 hectares being offered for his capture. The crisis subsided quickly, although the failure to capture Windradyne delayed the repeal of martial law until 11 December. Two weeks later he and a large number of his people crossed the mountains to Parramatta to attend the annual feast there, where he was formally pardoned by Brisbane. The Sydney Gazette described Saturday as ‘without doubt, the most manly black native we have ever beheld … much stouter and more proportionable limbed’ than most Aborigines, with ‘a noble looking countenance, and piercing eye … calculated to impress the beholder’. Another observer thought him ‘a very fine figure, very muscular … a good model for the figure of Apollo’. His sobriety and affection for his family and kinsmen were considered remarkable. Apparently remaining camped in the domain at Parramatta for some time after the 1824 feast, Windradyne then returned to Bathurst. He declined to attend Governor Darling’s feast the following year. In later years, he was intermittently reported as being involved in raids on maize crops or in clashes with settlers around Lake George. In 1828 an Aboriginal man being led to his execution for the murder of a stockman at Georges Plains attempted vainly to pin the crime on the ‘notorious Saturday’. Mortally wounded in a tribal fight on the Macquarie River, Windradyne died a few hours later on 21 March 1829 at Bathurst hospital, and was buried at Bathurst. Windradyne had been closely associated with George Suttor and his son William Henry, who were strong advocates on behalf of Aborigines during and after the period of martial law. Both lamented his passing in the Sydney press in April 1829. One of William Henry Suttor junior’s Australian Stories Retold (1887) placed Windradyne at the scene of the Wyagdon attacks in May 1824 and described how his warriors had spared the life of the author’s father … In 1954 the Bathurst District Historical Society erected a monument beside a Wiradjuri burial mound at Brucedale, attaching a bronze plaque commemorating ‘The resting place of Windradene, alias ‘’Saturday”, last chief of the Aborigines: first a terror, but later a friend to the settlers…. A true patriot’. His death date was erroneously given as 1835. In the late twentieth century Windradyne was transformed from a local figure to a character of national importance as a resistance hero. A suburb at Bathurst and a student accommodation village at Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, were named after him. In May 2000 his presumed resting place was put under a voluntary conservation order, the occasion celebrated by Wiradjuri descendants and the Suttor family, continuing a 180-year-old friendship and creating a potent symbol of reconciliation. David Andrew Roberts, Online Dictionary of Australian Biography, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/windradyne-13251 3 Add any information to your summary table on activity page 3A. 4 Write a brief paragraph or do a comic strip sketch for your own history textbook (in box 8 of activity page 3C) to explain to readers what the main impacts of the crossing of the Blue Mountains were. The crossing of the Blue Mountains opened the west to an immediate rush of settlement. True or False? 42 Myths and Mysteries of the Crossing of the Blue Mountains
Activity page 13A How is the crossing of the Blue Mountains in 1813 Investigation 9 represented in the National Museum of Australia? Here is the way the National Museum of Australia presents the story of the crossing of the Blue Mountains in 1813. 1 Read the information on Activity Page 13B and then look at the Museum objects (Activity Pages 13B and 13C). Then critically evaluate the Museum’s representation, using the Site Study Guide below. SITE STUDY GUIDE — Analysing a Museum Display See the film ‘virtual visit’ from 15:50 to 18:30 Aspects to consider The Museum display What is your first impression of the display before you start studying it in detail? What aspects of the event does the display show? Is the historical context clearly explained? Is the significance of this event clearly explained? Is a variety of evidence displayed? Are the objects displayed authentic for that event or period? Do the objects tell the story effectively? Are the text descriptions clear, accurate and informative? Do the surroundings influence your impression of the display? How is the display arranged — when you see it what stands out in the display? Is there a particular message being presented to you in the display? Is the nature of the event clearly identified (e.g. am I told if it is controversial or contested)? If so, is a variety of viewpoints clearly and fairly put? Do I know where the evidence has come from and what sort of evidence it is? Is its purpose to present objects (neutral), or to explain (impartial), or to argue a particular point of view (partisan)? At the end, do I feel that I really understand the event and its significance? What is your final judgement about the display? Has it changed from your initial impression? If so, suggest why. Myths and Mysteries of the Crossing of the Blue Mountains 43
Page 1 and 2: Myths and Mysteries of the Crossing
Page 3 and 4: Contents Teacher’s guide to using
Page 5 and 6: dispossession of Aboriginal people
Page 7 and 8: There has also been some assertion
Page 9 and 10: Activity page 2 You be the historia
Page 11 and 12: Activity page 3B How the Blue Mount
Page 13 and 14: Activity page 4A A ‘virtual visit
Page 15 and 16: Activity page 5A Investigation 1 Wh
Page 17 and 18: Activity page 5C F Hamilton Lund, D
Page 19 and 20: Activity page 6B Here is a summary
Page 21 and 22: Activity page Investigation 3 7A Wh
Page 23 and 24: Activity page 7C Source 7 Though ag
Page 25 and 26: Activity page 8B Gregory Blaxland (
Page 27 and 28: Activity page 8D William Charles We
Page 29 and 30: Activity page 9A Investigation 5 Ho
Page 31 and 32: Activity page 9C Source 1 Blaxland
Page 33 and 34: Activity page 10A Investigation 6 W
Page 35 and 36: Activity page 11A Were Blaxland, La
Page 37 and 38: Activity page 11C Candidate 3: Fran
Page 39 and 40: Activity page 11E Coming to a concl
Page 41: Activity page 12B Source 1 Since my
Page 45 and 46: Activity page 13C William Cox’s t
Page 47 and 48: Activity page 14 Conclusion and ref

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