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Learning for Life, Work and the Future Participants’ Papers Page 39 However, since this implies a major paradigm shift, and in view of the over-arching and wide-reaching nature of the proposed reforms, it is recommended that there should be further consultation with Ministries and public sector bodies on the recommendations contained in the report. 5. Conclusion A steering committee has been established to monitor the whole process, with follow-up consultations where needed. Countries throughout the world, such as Scotland, England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Namibia, have in place a national qualifications framework. The Second International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education, organised by UNESCO and held in the Republic of Korea in 1999, gave due importance to a NQF. In fact, it was one of the main recommendations of the Congress. It is strongly felt that the experience of countries that have made good progress in setting up their National Qualifications Framework should be sought. This subregional workshop could be an important forum for exchange of views and experience. Eventually a regional qualifications framework for the SADC countries could be considered. In fact, the SADC Technical Committee on Certification and Accreditation advocates the harmonisation and standardisation of education and training systems in the region. 4 DURANGO, Lewis (Zimbabwe): The Development of an Occupational Standards Framework in Zimbabwe − Experiences and Preliminary Conclusions 1. Introduction Discussions on the development and establishment of a national occupational standards framework in Zimbabwe were formally initiated through the proposals and recommendations of the October 1997 report on the evaluation of the results and progress of the joint MoHET 1 and GTZ NVTD Programme. These discussions took place at multi-stakeholder workshops in 1997 and 1998, where ZOSS was adopted as one of the projects in the Programme. The other projects in the MoHET and GTZ joint co-operation are: • ISTARN • Organisational Development • Commercialisation and Decentralisation The ZOSS project represents an innovative attempt to develop an occupational standards framework based on the real demands of the labour market, with the active participation of all key stakeholders. Its flexible and demand-driven phased development is designed to integrate efficiently with existing and emerging national qualifications frameworks and private and public sector education and training programmes. It promotes regional and international networking on the CBET concept, encouraging the sharing of experiences, concepts, procedures, practices and resources among projects in the region, in Africa and internationally so as to maximise efficiency and output. Finally, its provision of high-quality technical services and products is intended to facilitate the development of 1 Acronyms and abbreviations are explained at the end of this paper (page 42). national and regional standards-based education and training frameworks. 2. Background and Rationale Purpose of ZOSS • Development of a multi-stakeholder and industrydriven organisational, management, administrative and technical framework for the development of occupational standards. • Facilitation of effective partnership and collaborative decision-making between government, business and industry in the development of occupational standards and their utilisation in the development of curricula, training programmes, examinations, assessment and certification standards, in order to enhance the link and co-ordination between training delivery and employment. • Development of ZOSS as a national, regional and international centre of excellence on DACUM, and the development and implementation of curricula, training programmes, assessment and certification instruments and systems based on DACUM. • The establishment and promotion of regional and international networks on DACUM and CBET. • Provision of technical services and products on a consultancy basis to recover some costs. Project Strategy Based on this project background and rationale, ZOSS was formally established as a two-year project (May 1999 to May 2001) to develop, pilot and recommend concepts, procedures, structures and systems for the
Page 40 Participants’ Papers Learning for Life, Work and the Future achievement of the project aim as outlined under ‘Purpose of ZOSS’ above. Experiences, Problems and Achievements Since its inception in May 1999, ZOSS has developed and piloted structures, systems, concepts and procedures on the development of occupational standards and their utilisation. The experiences, problems and achievements have provided the project with information and expertise which are invaluable to other countries in the region that have already commenced, or intend to commence, developing and implementing standards-based and competency-based education and training. ZOSS is willing and committed to the sharing of its experiences, products, procedures and technical expertise with all countries in the region. Project Policy, Organisation and Management ZOSS was efficiently initiated using interim existing statutory industry-government policy and organisational structures and systems. The implementation of the ZOSS pilot project was delegated to NAMACO by MoHET, and the joint MoHET-NAMACO meeting became the policy-making body. The use of this existing policy and organisational decision-making framework provided the opportunity for the gradual, pragmatic, cost-effective and flexible development and emergence of permanent policy, organisational, conceptual and technical structures, systems and procedures. The development of the infrastructure, systems and procedures required to develop and implement this occupational standards framework can only be done effectively and efficiently if it is based on pragmatic and meaningful experiences rather than on theoretical dispensation. NAMACO further delegated the management of the project to a multi-stakeholder task team consisting of representatives of the following key stakeholders at executive and decision-making levels: • EMCOZ • CZI • MoHET • Ministry of Labour • Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture • ZNCC • ZCTU • NAMACO • Private training providers • Public training providers • National, regional and international high-level personalities. The project is co-sponsored by ZIMDEF and GTZ. All members of the task team are nominated by their constituencies, thereby enhancing stakeholder participation, buy-in and the transparency of all discussions and decision-making. ZOSS is now in the process of recommending the establishment of permanent organisational structures based on the practical experiences of the pilot project. The utilisation of existing structures and the gradual demand-driven development of permanent structures based on a piloted and tested working concept is a cost-effective organisational development strategy. In many countries elaborate, expensive and inefficient organisational structures are established before the development of a pragmatic working concept. This has resulted in the common so-called “white elephant” syndrome. Adequate piloting and testing of concepts and procedures provides the practical experience and expertise required to develop and establish appropriate and responsive policy, organisation and management structures and systems. Regional and International Networks The national networking discussed above is complemented by the establishment and development of regional and international linkages and networks; these facilitate the development of concepts, procedures, products, structures and systems of the highest international standards in order to meet the ZOSS vision of becoming the regional centre of excellence on the development and utilisation of occupational standards using DACUM. The GTZ NVTD Programme has provided the project with the required technical assistance and support through the financing and provision of high-quality consultancy services. This support includes: • Provision of long-term technical advisory and consultancy services through INBAS, a German consultant company with wide and varied experience, and exposure to DACUM, CBET, and education, training and labour market research and development. • Provision of short-term consultancy services by SQA through a memorandum of understanding signed between MoHET, GTZ, NAMACO and SQA. • Provision of local consultancy and other support services. • Facilitation and financing of regional and international visits/workshops, exposure and networking.
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