Untitled - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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i I 1 Figure 5 - Outline Map Showing Drainage System of Duflerin County 13
THE CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SOILS The surface geological deposits previously described are the parent materials from which the soils of the county have developed. Several different kinds of soil occur as a result of the differences in the parent materials as well as the differences in drainage and in vegetation. A vertical cut through soil to a depth of three feet exposes a sequence of layers (horizons) that differ in color, texture, structure or thickness. This sequence of horizons is called the soil profile. The different layers of the soil are often referred to as surface soil, subsurface soil, subsoil and parent material. However, it is convenient to use the specific pedological terms A horizon, B horizon, and C horizon. Subdivisions within each major horizon are shown by lower case suffixes. Definitions of the major horizons and the lower case suffixes are given in a glossary at the back of this report. The A horizon is the surface horizon and in many soils can be subdivided into Ah and Ae. The Ah horizon contains the largest amounts of organic matter and is underlain by the Ae, a horizon from which clay and bases, especially calcium, have been leached by percolating rainwater. Some of the materials leached from the Ae accumulate in the B horizon. The B horizon is often finer in texture and more compact as a result of the...accumulation of clay and other fine materials carried down from the A horizon. Underlying the B horizon is the C horizon, i.e. parent material which may be unaltered or only slightly altered by the soil-forming processes. Poorly drained soils, in which the ground water table is near the surface for an appreciable part of the year, are gleyed. The “gley” horizon is bluish gray, brownish gray or gray with brownish splotches and contains iron concretions. Soils are classified on the basis of kind of horizons which constitute the soil profiles. Forty-three soil series were recognized and mapped in the county. The soil series differ from one another in one or more of the following features of the soil profile - number, color, thickness, texture, structure or chemical composition of the horizons, drainage, or depth to bedrock. Variations in stoniness and slope within a series were also shown on the soil map. Some soil series, however, have certain features in common. These form Great Groups. The Great Groups in Dufferin County are Brown Forest, Grey- Brown Podzolic, Podzol, Dark Grey Gleysolic and Organic. An idealized description of a soil profile characteristic of each Great Group is given below. The Brown Forest soils occur on highly calcareous materials. These soils have a dark brown surface. (Ah) horizon high in organic matter with a neutral or mildly alkaline reaction. The Ah horizon which is about 4 inches thick is underlain by a brown B horizon containing some concentration of sesquioxides and occasionally a concentration of clay. In general, the B horizon is uniformly brown down to the parent material at 18 inches. The base saturation of all horizons is 100 per cent. The Grey-Brown Podzolic soils have a dark grayish brown Ah horizon, 3 inches thick and relatively high in organic matter, underlain by a yellowish brown Ae horizon that becomes lighter in color with depth. The B horizon is brown and finer in texture than other horizons in the profile. It contains accumulations of clay and sesquioxides. The calcareous parent material occurs at 20 to 30 inches. 14
Page 2 and 3: SOIL SURVEY of DUFFERIN COUNTY Onta
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ,. .
Page 6 and 7: 1 / Figure I - Outline Map of Ontar
Page 8 and 9: GREY COUNTY I I SIMCOE COUNTY 71 i
Page 10 and 11: I - ---- i 00.15 OYP ! - -.-- Figur
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4 - Outline Map Showing Surf
Page 16 and 17: Soils of the Brown Forest Great Gro
Page 18 and 19: A Dark Grey Gleysolic Profile full
Page 20 and 21: B. Soils Developed on Outwash 1. Ca
Page 22 and 23: Hills and Rough Surface Areas in th
Page 24 and 25: A hay crop on London loam LONDON SE
Page 26 and 27: HARRISTON SERIES Except for two lar
Page 28 and 29: A Huron Loam Profile ish brown clay
Page 30 and 31: BROOKSTON SERIES The Brookston soil
Page 32 and 33: A Granby Sandy Loam Profile ALLISTO
Page 34 and 35: BRISBANE SERIES The Brisbane soils
Page 36 and 37: Gully Erosion on Hillsburgh Soils s
Page 38 and 39: A Wauseon Sandy Loam Profile The Bt
Page 40 and 41: A Bennington Silt Loam Profile Grey
Page 42 and 43: A Colwood Silt Loam Profile The Bra
Page 44 and 45: A Toledo Clay Loam Profile DUMFRIES
Page 46 and 47: ush. Before these areas are cleared
Page 48 and 49: order that fragments will not flow
Page 50 and 51: LAND USE CAPABILITY Sixty per cent
Page 52 and 53: Subclass 2w Poorly drained and impe
Page 54 and 55: Subclass 4w Subclass 4w consists of
Page 56 and 57: Description: Ah A% Bt C -0 to 6 inc
Page 58 and 59: Ae2 Bt C Location: Parent Material:
Page 60 and 61: Description: Ah Ael Ae2 Bt IIC Loca
Page 62 and 63: Location: Parent Material: Classifi
Page 64 and 65:
Classification: Dew-iption: Ah Ael
Page 66 and 67:
Ael Ae2 BA Bt C -____.- Township Am
Page 68 and 69:
TABLE 10 ANALYSES OF PROFILE SAMPLE
Page 70 and 71:
Bhfl Bhf2 Bt C -2 to 17 inches loam
Page 72 and 73:
GLOSSARY Aggregate (soil)-A single
Page 74 and 75:
Sands are further separated accordi
Page 76:
Lower Case SufTixes -A cemented (ir
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