Wale Aboyade's thesis - lumes

Akinwale Aboyade, LUMES Thesis, 2003/2004
Table 3.3 Average Daily Tonnage of Refuse received at Olusosun Site between March and June
2004 (Source: authors own construct with data gathered from landfill site)
Type of waste Monday Tuesday Wed. Thurs Friday Sat Sunday
Weekly
Averages
LAWMA 730 850 890 820 815 1130 610 835
Local Goverment
Domestic Waste Sanitation
Agencies 150 135 150 210 100 2665 60 835
Private
Collectors 1340 1325 1215 1360 1220 1610 1140 835
Commercial waste
(from markets, non
harzadous waste
from institutions etc) LAWMA 220 190 210 170 180 130 180 835
Total domestic and
commercial waste 2440 2500 2465 2560 2315 5535 1990 2829.29
LAWMA,
Indusrial waste and NAFDAC and
metal scraps SON 230 250 270 225 220 250 270 245.00
3.2 Energy Regulations and description of energy market
The National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) established in 1972 maintains a total monopoly of
generation, transmission and distribution of electric power. The industry has been faced with a lot of
problems as years of neglect, corruption and mismanagement has rendered it very nearly comatose.
Supply of electricity fluctuates widely and had by 1999 dropped to as low as 1500MW from an
installed capacity of 5900MW (FRN, 2000). Even at the best of times, electricity supply in Nigeria
before 1999 has never exceeded 2,470MW out of a total installed capacity of 5906MW (compared to
over 40,000MW in South Africa during the same period 1 . Only 36% of the populace has access to grid
electricity and even where a connection to the grid exists, power supply is often unreliable. Supply has
always fallen well below demand especially in Lagos the commercial hub of the country where it rarely
exceeded 800MW, is a paltry 15% of the estimated demand. Industries and residents have to meet their
electricity needs from private generation from petrol and diesel engines (total private generation in
Nigeria is about 2400MW and makes the country the largest purchaser of standby generators in the
world (FRN, 2000)). These industries and private residents and pay heavily for such supply because of
the ever increasing cost of diesel and petroleum arising from the deregulation of the downstream
petroleum sector. Tyler G (2002) in his article in Findings, a World Bank journal revealed that private
generation at an average cost of ^219.05
is approximately two and half times the cost of publicly
provided electricity. NEPA produces power from its diesel and hydro sources at over ^10.00/KWh and
sells to its residential clients for between ^1.2 and ^4/KWh and to its commercial and industrial
customers for ^6 - 8.5KWh (NEPA, 2004).
The new government, in a bid to boost power supply from its precariously low levels encouraged the
adoption of power purchase agreements between NEPA and Independent Power Producers. Lagos state
was the first to seize this opportunity as it immediately entered into negotiations with Enron (who later
1 From the website of the South African National Electricity Regulator (NER)
2 1^ - Nigerian Naira (1US$ = ^100 .Approx.)
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