Wale Aboyade's thesis - lumes

Akinwale Aboyade, LUMES Thesis, 2003/2004
Table of contents
1 Background------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
1.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.2 Synopsis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.3 Objectives --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
1.4 Scope--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
1.5 Hypothesis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
1.6 Conceptual framework------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
1.7 Materials and Methods------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
1.9 Brief Description of Nigeria ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.9.1 Physical Characteristics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.9.2 Socio-Economic characteristics-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.9.3 Political Characteristics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
1.10 Brief Description of Lagos State -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2 Explanation of Central Concepts and literature review-------------------------------------------------13
2.1 Climate Change background ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
2.2 Climate change mitigation in the context of Sustainable Development -------------------------------------------------14
2.3 Kyoto Protocol and CDM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
2.4 MSW management in the context of climate change -----------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.4.1 The LFGTE process-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.4.2 LFG Generation -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.4.3 LFG Collection ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
2.4.4 LFG Utilization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.4.5 Other issues in LFGTE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.4.6 Energy and Emissions Market and Regulatory environment ------------------------------------------------------20
2.5 System Dynamics and its applications in MSW\Climate change studies -----------------------------------------------21
3 Status of MSW management and Energy and Climate Change policy in Nigeria------------------------22
3.1 MSW Management in Lagos, Nigeria-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
3.1.1 Brief history ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
3.1.2 Waste generation characteristics----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.1.3 MSW Collection-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.1.4 MSW Disposal-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.1.5 Olusosun SWDS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
3.1.6 Energy Regulations and description of energy market--------------------------------------------------------------25
3.2 Development of Climate Policy in Nigeria-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
3.2.1 Past GHG inventories of Waste sector---------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
4 Results and Discussions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
4.1 Assessment of Resource Potential ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
4.1.1 Factors affecting CH 4 emissions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
4.1.2 Description of STELLA model and parameters---------------------------------Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3 Results of module for estimating methane emissions ---------------------------------------------------------------32
4.2 Assessment of Economic Viability --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
4.2.1 Projects costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
4.2.2 Revenue Streams ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
4.2.3 Results of financial analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
5 Conclusions and Recommendations ---------------------------------------------- Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Reference ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
7 Appendix----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47
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