Wale Aboyade's thesis - lumes

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Akinwale Aboyade, LUMES Thesis, 2003/2004 Next came the US country Studies Program in 1993 which provided funding for the study of emission inventories for CH 4 CO 2 , N 2 O, CO, NOx and NMVOC in 1990 and the economic implication of their mitigation. The emissions estimates from MSW are, a daily per capita waste generation rate of 0.49kg, an urban population fraction of 17%, MSW managed by landfills, open burning in unmanaged sites, and no open burning in unmanaged sites respectively taken as 5%, 25% and 70%. Based on these assumptions, CH 4 emissions from waste was estimated at million tonnes in 1990. The Global Environmental fund through UNDP also gave funds towards the preparation of an Initial National communication to the UNFCCC as stipulated in Article 12 of the convention. The study was published in November 2003 was based on emissions in the year 1994. CH 4 emissions from waste for that year were estimated to be million tonnes. Other estimates for CH 4 emissions from waste are given by the following table Table 3.5 CH 4 emissions from MSW from past GHG inventory studies Year 1988 1990 1994 Study EEC-Project US Country Study Initial National Environmental Project in Nigeria: Comunication to the Monitoring and Least Cost UNFCCC (2003) Impact Reduction Assessment(1992 Strategies and Macro-Economic Impacts (1997) Results (million tonnes CH 4 ) 0.182 64.51 213 The results of the Initial National communication of 213Gg methane in 1994 implies that MSW accounted for 4% of total emissions methane emissions and 11% of methane emission from the waste sector, with industrial and domestic waste water accounting for the remaining 89%. Interestingly, this is at variance with the general trends in other developing countries. In India for instance according to their own Initial National Communication to the UNFCCC, MSW accounts for 53% of total methane emissions from the waste sector and in Malaysia and the Philippines, it accounts for 82% and 57% respectively. 28
Akinwale Aboyade, LUMES Thesis, 2003/2004 4 Results This chapter presents the results of the analysis of data collected from the visits to the field. The main thrust of the analysis is the assessment of the viability of a LFGTE plant in Olusosun SWDS in Lagos. This is done in two stages. First an analysis of the technical viability as determined by the availability of the methane resource is presented, followed by a socio economic analysis of the project's survivability. Relevant factors and their interactions in each of these stages are first depicted in Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD), then the results of the STELLA analysis for that stage is presented along with the assumptions under which they where made. The model takes a modular design as shown in figure 4.1 (see appendix for full structure of model). Lagos MSW and general emissions Olusosun Emissions factors FOD meth Olusosun emissions Emiision factors default Meth Economic factors Project viability Nigeria Emissions Default meth First stage Second stage Figure 4.1 Overall general structure of STELLA model 4.1 Assessment of Resource Potential The availability of methane resource in sufficient quantities is essential to the project's success. The specific factors affection its production from MSW in Nigeria and in Lagos is particular therefore, are described below. 4.1.1 Factors affecting CH 4 emissions As mentioned elsewhere, the major factors affecting LFG and hence CH 4 emissions from MSW are mainly, the amount of waste generated, the composition of the waste, the conditions under which there waste is disposed, and the climate of the region under study. 29
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Wale Aboyade's thesis - lumes

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