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a preculture-desiccation method and deposited in the
cryobank. Average plant survival in the tested potato
cultivars after cryopreservation was 65% and average
plant regeneration was 23%. The highest plant regeneration
was 40% in cultivar ‘Oslava’ and the lowest
10% in cultivars ‘Jara’ and ‘Rita’. On average, hop
shoot tip survival was 70% and hop plant regeneration
was 36%. The highest plant regeneration after
cryopreservation was 60% in clone no. 7100 and the
lowest was 25% in clones no. 11772, 12847 and
12859. The information about cryopreservation of
individual genotypes was recorded into the Plant
Genetic Resources Documentation Database. (Faltus
M., Bilavãík A., Zámeãník J., Domkáfiová J.,
Horáãková V., Ptáãek J., Svoboda P., Patzak J.,
Nesvatba V.)
Influence of abiotic stresses on the physiology
of winter wheat sprouting plants
(MZe âR QF 3056)
The application of 24-epibrassinolide has a positive
effect on the germination percentage in standard and
also in stressed environment for sprouting plants – i.e.
in the simulation of soil conditions with serial dehydration
The application of 24-epibrassinolide has a substantial
effect on the contamination of seeds by spores of
fungi. The application of 24-epibrassinolide decreases
the contamination by fungi in EBI and Estica while
hardly any effect was found in Samanta. (Bláha L.,
Hniliãka F., Kadlec P., Smrãková-Jankovská P.,
Macháãková I., Sychrová E., Kohout L.)
Dehydration and glassy state formation
in biological objects (GA âR 522/04/0384)
Theoretic and thermodynamic rules of glass formation
in general as well as in biological systems were studied.
Model state diagrams were drawn up for sucrose as the
most widespread natural cryoprotective compound in
biological samples and in cryoprotective mixtures. It
was proved that the sucrose/water system freezes even
during slow cooling to disequilibrium and during the
heating of this system glass transitions, ice thawing and
sucrose thawing appear. In the studied protein solution,
water crystallization that probably relates to the
antifreeze activity of protein was inhibited. Glass transitions
and endothermic changes in biological samples
could be separated by the combination of modulated
differential scanning calorimetry, quasi-isothermal
modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and
differential scanning calorimetry with different heating
rates, thermogravimetry and dilatometry. Based on the
state diagrams, phase transitions were predicted and
compared with the values measured in the range from
–90° to -10° C in multicomponent plant systems
(shoot tips of potato, hop, grapevine, garlic, and seeds of
vegetables). Changes taking place in seeds during their
storage at low temperatures were elucidated by the
used thermal techniques. Different activation energies
during the dehydration of vegetable seeds with
different germination were found. Calorimetric
measurements of apple buds help to define the formed
biological glass and its stability during cryopreservation.The
critical water content of dormant apple buds
necessary for glass formation was 0.2 g H2O/g dry
matter. At this dehydration level ice crystallization is
prevented. (Zámeãník J., Bilavãík A., Faltus M.,
Faberová I., Skládal V., ·esták J., Sikora A.,
âerno‰ková E.)
Study of the variability of Pyrenophora fungi
in the Czech Republic (GA âR 521/06/1544)
Every year leaf blotches on cereals cause considerable
economic losses.The fungi of the genus Pyrenophora are
among the causal agents. The aim of the project is to
study the genetic variability of Pyrenophora teres and
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates obtained from different
locations of the Czech Republic regarding their
morphological and physiological characters. In 2006,
attention was paid to the ranking of isolates into races
based on the presence of their so called toxin genes.
The results showed that race 1 is dominant in the
Czech Republic. The resistance of winter wheat
and barley cultivars grown in the Czech Republic to
P. tritici-repentis and P. teres was tested in greenhouse
conditions. The variability of P. tritici-repentis isolates
was studied on the DNA level using AFLP methodology.
A low level of genetic diversity was found
regardless of the race spectrum, considerable geographic
distance (âR, SR, USA, Russia, Canada and
Argentina) or year of collection.The results have been
processed for publication. (Lei‰ová L., Udavská H.,
Minafiíková V.)
Exploitation of DNA arrays and bioinformatics
in food safety studies (M·MT âR COST926
1P05O54)
Exploitation of high-throughput technologies for food
safety and evaluation of the impact of health promoting
compounds on human health. In the first year
of the project in silico evaluation of the importance of
health promoting compounds from Brassica species was
done. Brassicaceae are valuable sources of health promoting
compounds and may have remarkable impacts
on public health. Parallelly a model experiment was
conducted focused on the availability of model tissues
or cells and modern technologies such as DNA arrays.
We optimised RNA extraction and isolation from cell
suspensions and their evaluation was done using DNA
chips. The experiments will continue in 2007.
(Ovesná J., Mal˘ M., Svejkovská B.)
Characterisation of genes encoding for
enzymes participating in the biosynthesis
of biologically active compounds
(M·MT âR, 1P05O55 COST924)
Bioavailability of health promoting compounds in
plants (mainly in vegetables and fruits) is the main goal
of Action COST 924.
Within the project we studied the variability of the
genes coding for enzymes involved in the biosynthetic
pathway of ASCO (sulphur-containing amino acids).
Sequences of aliinase, the key enzyme converting
ASCO into biologically active compounds, were
amplified, cloned and sequenced. Amplification products
specific to four garlic genotypes were selected
representing the basic types of garlic A. sativum var.
sativum, A. sativum var. longiscupis and A. sativum var.
ophioscordon, from different regions (Czech Republic,
Austria and former Soviet Union) and periods of
registration (old landrace, new cultivars). Sequencing
revealed intron/exon variability. SNPs were identified