Longan production in Asia - United Nations in Indonesia

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Figure 10. Witches’ broom disease in longan. 11. HARVESTING 11.1 Production seasons and Productivity Flowering of longans is quite early in Thailand compared to those grown in other countries like China, Taiwan Province of China and Queensland (Table 2). In Thailand, flowering commences in late December to late February, while in China and Taiwan Province of China longan flowers from late February to early April. In the Southern Hemisphere such as in Queensland flowering commences in August to October and October to November, depending on location. Harvest in Thailand is from late June to late August whereas harvest in China is from late July to late September. In Queensland longan can be harvested from mid-January to mid-March and late February to early April, depending on location. 19
Table 2. Flowering and harvesting seasons of longan-growing locations Country Flowering Season Harvesting Season Thailand Late December - Late February Late June - Late August China Late February - Early April Late July - Late September Taiwan Province February - April July - October of China Australia August - October (North Queensland) October - November (Southeast Queensland) Mid-January to Mid-March Late February to Early April In Thailand the marcotted longan tree starts bearing in the fourth year after planting. The yield in the fifth year is about 2 - 5 kg per tree, and this yield increases to 20 kg per tree in the seventh year. In the tenth year, the yield is 60 kg per tree and this increases to about 100 - 190 kg per tree in the fifteenth season. After fifteen years, the yield is in the range of 150 - 200 kg per tree and this figure will last for the next ten years. The yield starts to decline when the tree is over thirty five years old. However, there is considerable variation in yield from year to year and biennial bearing occurs in most cultivars. For mature trees of 12 to 15 years of age, the yield averages one poor crop, one fair crop and one excellent crop over three years. Small fruited, inferior types are reputed to bear more heavily (300 - 400 kg) and consistently. In term of productivity on a per hectare basis, yield ranges from a high of 7,325 kg/ha/year (1990) to a low of 2,512 kg/ha/year (1989). The productivity varies from year to year and the biennial bearing phenomenon is clearly seen in these yields (Table 3). For example, 1989, 1991, 1993 and 1995 were ‘off’ years when productivity was low. These are alternated with ‘on’ years such as 1990, 1992, 1994 and 1996 when productivity was high. Table 3. Productivity of longan as affected by years of production in Thailand Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Yield (kg/ ha/yr) 2,512 7,325 3,756 6,137 3,375 6,269 4,137 6,175 5,500 5,730 Source: Subhadrabandhu and Yapwattanaphun (2000a). Beside variations in productivity due to the biennial bearing phenomenon, different locations also resulted in variations in yields. Among the three provinces which produced about 70 percent of longan in Thailand, yield for 1993 was lowest in Lamphun (3,712 kg/ha/year) followed by Chiang Rai (5,194 kg/ha/year) and highest in Chiang Mai (6,837 kg/ha/year) (Table 4). 20
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2000/20 LONGAN PRO
Page 4 and 5: The designations employed and the p
Page 6 and 7: FOREWORD The commercial longan (Dim
Page 8 and 9: LONGAN PRODUCTION IN ASIA 1. INTROD
Page 10 and 11: Sarawak, while the ‘isau’ and
Page 12 and 13: 5. PROPERTIES The edible portion of
Page 14 and 15: Figure 3. Longan tree with terminal
Page 16 and 17: ag for 2-4 weeks before planting ou
Page 18 and 19: Figure 6. High density planting of
Page 20 and 21: Fruits are thinned about four to si
Page 22 and 23: Figure 7. Knife used for cincturing
Page 24 and 25: infected branches become compact cl
Page 28 and 29: Table 4. Productivity of longan as
Page 30 and 31: 11.3 Grading The Thai farmers have
Page 32 and 33: Table 8. Production and Average far
Page 34 and 35: 14. CURRENT WORLD STATUS, DISTRIBUT
Page 36 and 37: Beside fresh longan, Thailand is al
Page 38 and 39: Others Elsewhere longan is grown on
Page 40 and 41: Table 16. Planted area and producti
Page 42 and 43: Table 19. Planted area and producti
Page 44 and 45: REFERENCES Anon. 1986. Dimocarpus l
Page 46 and 47: Tongdee, S. C. 1992. Postharvest ha
Page 48 and 49: ‘Shixia’ ‘Shixia’ is anothe
Page 50 and 51: ‘Baidum’ This is a mid-maturing

Longan production in Asia - United Nations in Indonesia

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