Longan production in Asia - United Nations in Indonesia

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Table 8. Production and Average farm-gate price of longan in Taiwan Province of China Year Production (metric ton) Average price (N.T.$/kg) 1994 109,460 34.48 1995 151,388 17.34 1996 53,215 74.40 1997 130,495 25.34 1998 53,385 64.00 Source: Yen (2000). 13. BREEDING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH Seedling progenies are extremely variable and small fruit size appears to be a dominant characteristic. Therefore, through the centuries improved cultivars have resulted merely from selection amongst existing cultivars or selections amongst open-pollinated seedlings from such cultivars. Selection is based particularly on large fruit size, high edible portion, crisp flesh, good flavour and high sugar content. In so doing, heavy and regular yields appear to have been sacrificed. Future selection has to include marketing characteristics, such as early or late harvest, a long shelf-life and a pure white aril for the canned product. In Fujian province, China, a selection programme was initiated over 30 years ago to select abort-seeded longan cultivars. Five promising strains with abort-seeded fruits, namely, ‘Minjiao No.1’, ‘Minjiao No.2’, ‘Minjiao No.3’, ‘Minjiao No.4’ and ‘Minjiao No.5’ have been successfully selected (Huang et al., 2000) (Figure 11). Among them ‘Minjiao No.4’ is the most promising due to its stable and higher rate of seed abortion, large fruit size, thick and good quality aril, and high yield. For germplasm collections, various programmes have been established in longan growing centres worldwide. The national longan germplasm repository of China was established in the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1981 and so far 202 cultivars have been collected and preserved. There are also collections of longan in Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province of China. Collections of accessions are also reported in Hawaii, Florida, Australia, Indonesia, Israel and Thailand. 25
Figure 11. ‘Minjiao No.1’ - an abort-seeded longan cultivar (from: Huang et al., 2000). In China, biotechnology research has achieved great progress in terms of its contribution to longan production, especially genetic improvement through modern high technology (Lai et al., 2000). Some of the biotechnology research includes tissue and organ culture, i.e., studies on plant regeneration obtained from explants such as cotyledons, immature embryos, anthers, leaves of bearing trees, stem apices and stem axes. Plant regeneration has been successfully carried out via somatic embryogenesis from calli derived from the cotyledon of an immature embryo. A breakthrough was achieved in the induction and long-term maintenance of friable embryogenic calli, and somatic embryogenesis at high frequency. Single cell cloning technology and a highly effective protoplast regeneration system have been established from embryogenic suspension cell lines by isolating single cells and protoplasts. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been established and transgenic plantlets of longan have been obtained (Zeng et al., 2000). Culture of shoot tips and shoot segments has been successfully carried out to obtain virus-free plantlets for overcoming witches’ broom disease. 26
Page 2 and 3: RAP PUBLICATION: 2000/20 LONGAN PRO
Page 4 and 5: The designations employed and the p
Page 6 and 7: FOREWORD The commercial longan (Dim
Page 8 and 9: LONGAN PRODUCTION IN ASIA 1. INTROD
Page 10 and 11: Sarawak, while the ‘isau’ and
Page 12 and 13: 5. PROPERTIES The edible portion of
Page 14 and 15: Figure 3. Longan tree with terminal
Page 16 and 17: ag for 2-4 weeks before planting ou
Page 18 and 19: Figure 6. High density planting of
Page 20 and 21: Fruits are thinned about four to si
Page 22 and 23: Figure 7. Knife used for cincturing
Page 24 and 25: infected branches become compact cl
Page 26 and 27: Figure 10. Witches’ broom disease
Page 28 and 29: Table 4. Productivity of longan as
Page 30 and 31: 11.3 Grading The Thai farmers have
Page 34 and 35: 14. CURRENT WORLD STATUS, DISTRIBUT
Page 36 and 37: Beside fresh longan, Thailand is al
Page 38 and 39: Others Elsewhere longan is grown on
Page 40 and 41: Table 16. Planted area and producti
Page 42 and 43: Table 19. Planted area and producti
Page 44 and 45: REFERENCES Anon. 1986. Dimocarpus l
Page 46 and 47: Tongdee, S. C. 1992. Postharvest ha
Page 48 and 49: ‘Shixia’ ‘Shixia’ is anothe
Page 50 and 51: ‘Baidum’ This is a mid-maturing

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