Planning and implementing forest operations to achieve ... - Woodweb

In Finland, the basis for the planning of forestry was the Hurtshave achieved ruining the forests. Venetian got
systematic forest inventories, which started in the
1920's andwent on continuously since then. The forest
industries on a rather large scale started in the 1860's -
1870's.
the timber for their buildings in the lagoons. Forest
laws appeared in those areas in the sixteenth century.
They were protection and tending decrees. Here also
the most important starting decree came from Empress
Maria Theresia in 1769. It is considered as the first
In Norway the first forest officers were engaged by the handbook on forestry for those countries. Modem Laws
Government in 1857 and they were in charge of State on Forest was edited in the middle of the nineteenth
and Private forests. A Forest Protection Law was century. The quality of the timber growing in those
passed in 1932. It organizes the management of the areas did attract many harvesting operators after the
forests through Parish and CountyForest Boards and French Revolution. Consequently, over-exploitation
introduces a regeneration tax.
did very deep and significant damages in some wide
areas.
Several royal ordinances were issued in the 17th and
18th centuries for the protection of the forests in In Belgium, for example, on September 14, 1617 the
Denmark. A German forester J. G. von Langen was to first ordinance of the Archdukes Albert and Isabelle
organize the Danish forest from 1762 forward, creating the corps of foresters was published.. A forest
c,ode was officially introduced in 1854. However the
The German Forest Service operates since 1795 when forests of Belgium were managed for a long time before
regulations "establish an administrative body and gain 1830, the year of its independence. Before the
knowledge about the complex symbiotic relationship
occupation of what became the Belgian territory by the
that exist in woods _ (University Ingolstadt, botanist yon Celts; the Roman, Spanish, Austrian, French, and
Paula Shrank and University of Munich, Professor K.
Dutch conquerors introduced various management
Gayer). In Niedersachsen, regulations were officially
rules or pillages. However, some very positive heritage
published in the beginning of the 18th century but
remains from those occupations, like the forest of
competition remains for long time between agriculture Soignes around Brussels. Apparently it is considered
and forestry. Forestry starts there in Niedersachsen in by botanists and foresters as the most beautiful beech
the nineteenth century,
forest in the world. The regulations were edited by the
Dukes of Brabant (1300, 1459, 1491 .... ) More
An Imperial Forest Law establishing strict regulations recently, great families left nice well-managed private
on the clearing of forest lands was decreed in 1852 in forests, like the Dukes of Arenberg for example.
Austria.
It is said that the Europeans were the first to replace the
In the United Kingdom since 1608 inventories of the
uncontrolled harvesting of the forest by a patrimonial
oak trees were organized and J. Evelyn was teaching
management of the resource that protects against wood
about tree cultivation,
overcuts.
In France, monitoring and conservation of the royal
During the nineteenth century, the industry and the
forest patrimony was organized in 1291 by Philippe
demography were sacking the forest to get fuel wood
led Bel (Corps of Masters of Water and Forest). They for domestic fires and blast-furnaces. Hopefully coal
promote the general interest and the protection role of has saved the forest but, then, wood was necessary for
forested lands. The ordinances of Colbert in the 17th
the pits and timber production was largely conditioned
century monitor the continuity of the production of logs to provide pit - props of various sizes.
for masts and pieces of wood for shipyards. In 1701
Vauban wrote his treatise on forest cultivation. The European forests have also paid a heavy price for the
French forest code was edited in 1827. The specialized successive wars in Europe. The troops overcut or
forest center of Nancy for ENGREF (National School clearcut large areas, while iron or copper alloy
for Agricultural Water andForest Engineering)
shrapnels and barbed wires remain in the stems and
engineers and the Domain des Barres in Nogent sur
introduce dangerous working conditions when felling
Vernisson initiates many foresters to forest
or sawing many years later.
management, and they apply silviculture science in
many European countries.
Have we to underline also the damages introduced by
the mines and other booby-trap systems of the second
In Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, aRer the
world war. Stands have been totally ruined and it took
Roman Empire many other peoples like Goths and
time to recover healthy timber.
16