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■■ ■■ ■■ Explain what immediate actions are being taken to mitigate or respond to the energy emergency. Avoid explaining why the energy emergency occurred unless complete information is available. Provide the public with instructing information on how to keep safe and avoid bodily injury. The first priority in an emergency is to protect the health and safety of the citizens. This requires leveraging existing emergency protocols, disseminating accurate, timely information, and utilizing the private sector energy contacts and media contacts that have been cultivated in the past. All crisis communication protocols should be revisited and updated at least annually. These updates provide excellent opportunities to discuss how to communicate with the public during an energy emergency. (Also see section 3.9 for more information.) Assessing the Extent, Magnitude and Duration of a Disruption EAPs should have a strategy for assessing the severity of energy emergencies and their potential impact on the community. This will allow emergency response personnel to identify appropriate messages to relay, leverage relevant stakeholders and partnerships, and develop and execute recommendations to manage the situation. The California Energy Commission’s Local Government Planning Handbook (2004) 6 outlined four key categories for a crisis communications/management team (CMT) to consider during this assessment: 1. Ground surveys: This assessment—performed by the energy emergency coordinator and the rest of the emergency services staff—provides information on direct damage to energy production, transportation, storage, and related facilities (i.e., assessments of levels of energy usage within the damaged area). Ground surveys should also assess direct damage to community members and day-to-day living. Aerial reconnaissance during this assessment may be beneficial to determine the extent of damage. Key questions include: •y •y •y •y •y •y •y What is the immediate damage of the energy emergency, and what city infrastructure does it impact? Who in the community is currently impacted by the energy emergency? Who may be impacted in the future? What is the extent of the damage? Is there risk that the energy emergency will spread if not managed properly? Is it possible to provide the community access to a “safe place” unaffected by the energy emergency if needed? Are there any immediate steps the local government can take to mitigate the problem? 2. Operational information: This assessment determines the nature of operational problems and the immediate fuel and energy needs of emergency service providers. •y •y •y How long will it take to restore the community to pre-emergency conditions? Are there backup resources for the community to use? This includes items such as blankets, food, firstaid supplies and equipment, and the like. Can neighboring counties or governments help mitigate any localized impact? 6 http://www.energy.ca.gov/emergencies/documents/2004-03-11_GOV_EMRGNCY_HNDB.PDF. 14 | 2 – Issues to Consider When Developing a Local Energy Assurance Plan
3. Economic impact information: This information assesses the economic consequences of the energy disruption. •y •y •y How much money will this cost the community? Will the community see a spike in energy costs? What demand-reduction strategies are most effective and appropriate? 4. Recovery planning information: This assessment determines short- and long-range recovery efforts. •y •y •y Are there energy systems (electricity, natural gas infrastructure, etc.) that are shut down or delayed due to the energy emergency? How will this impact community productivity? What services need to be restored first? (See section 3.8.) Does the energy emergency leave a lasting hazard in the community (chemical leaks, water contamination, etc.)? It may be necessary to coordinate or leverage public and private-sector partnerships to acquire key data before moving forward in stabilizing the community. This is the time to tap already-established contacts in the public and private sector that may have helped to develop the EAP, other emergency response plans, continuity of operations plans and risk communications plans before the energy emergency occurred. At the onset of an emergency, these partnerships should be immediately leveraged to help assess the nature of the emergency and to help manage the developing situation. 2.6 Understanding the Impacts of New and Alternative Technologies on Energy Assurance Planning Technology is a crucial, powerful ally in any energy assurance effort. This section addresses three areas regarding the role of new and alternative energy technologies in local energy assurance planning efforts: 2.6.1. The Smart Grid 2.6.2. Renewable Energy Technologies 2.6.3. Energy Efficiency/Distributed Generation and Energy Assurance 2.6.1 The Smart Grid The term smart grid refers to a modernization of the electricity delivery system that monitors, protects and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements—from central and distributed generators through the high-voltage network and distribution system, to industrial users and commercial building automation systems, to energy storage installations, and to residential consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances, and other household devices. Some find it easier to grasp the concept of the smart grid as the “Internet for energy”—with hardware and software connected via intelligent communications systems. The smart grid is generally characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and the data necessary to create an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network. It incorporates into the grid the benefits of distributed computing and communications to deliver real-time information, enabling operators to understand and optimize their systems and facilitating the ability of intelligent devices to take action based on that information. Smart grid technologies include advanced sensors, system communication infrastructure, advanced power delivery equipment and controls, and advanced modeling and simulation techniques. Local Government Energy Assurance Guidelines – Version 2.0 | 15
Page 1: Local Government Energy Assurance G
Page 4 and 5: Copyright © 2011 Public Technology
Page 7 and 8: Contents Acknowledgements..........
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements The U.S. Departmen
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the G
Page 13 and 14: Local Government Energy Assurance P
Page 15 and 16: 2 Issues to Consider When Developin
Page 17 and 18: Although the concept of interdepend
Page 19 and 20: 2.4 Understanding Continuity of Ope
Page 21: complementary efforts can actually
Page 25 and 26: Case Study 1. PV Supporting Emergen
Page 27 and 28: Wind Energy Options Developing and
Page 29 and 30: Energy Efficiency Efficient energy
Page 31 and 32: CHP is acknowledged as a proven, va
Page 33 and 34: Case Study 4. 30-Kilowatt Natural G
Page 35 and 36: Direct Threats The most obvious cyb
Page 37 and 38: 3 How to Develop or Enhance a Local
Page 39 and 40: The coordinator should be a consens
Page 41 and 42: Every local government has differen
Page 43 and 44: Local Voices Portland, Oregon “Th
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3. Public and Private Energy
Page 47 and 48: Key Questions …in Knowing Emergen
Page 49 and 50: involve private sector energy emerg
Page 51 and 52: The National Response Framework (NR
Page 53 and 54: 3.5 Step Four: Know the Local Gover
Page 55 and 56: Local Voices Asheville, North Carol
Page 57 and 58: Working with an Investor Owned Util
Page 59 and 60: Key Questions …in Identifying Loc
Page 61 and 62: The sections below reference NASEO
Page 63 and 64: Energy Supplier Contacts Section 3.
Page 65 and 66: Local Voices Casper, Wyoming From o
Page 67 and 68: Figure 6. Critical Facilities, Serv
Page 69 and 70: ■ ■ Length of time before the o
Page 71 and 72: 3.9.1 Internal Protocols/Message Co
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The Energy Assurance Coordinator’
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3.10 Step Nine: Develop Additional
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State Government ■ ■ Emergency
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Local Voices The Salvation Army The
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Include a Budget for the Plan Updat
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developing these tabletop exercises
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within the local government. Where
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Appendix A. Glossary of Key Terms T
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Key Assets Local Government Metropo
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Appendix B. Local Government Energy
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Appendix C. Federal Energy Assuranc
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C.3 National Infrastructure Protect
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energy emergency coordinators may a
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Appendix D. Related PTI Guidance In
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Appendix E. Additional Agencies and
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■■ ■■ The North American El
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Appendix F. Bibliography “A Check
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Published by Public Technology Inst
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