Freud's Free Clinics

1933–1938: TERMINATION
the idea of community yet all the while reinforcing individual autonomy. In
contrast, the Third Reich’s partiality to total “care and control” (including
professional psychotherapy at the Göring Institute) of the German Volk was
fascistic because it deliberately eliminated individual volition. The success of
mental health experts associated with the Göring Institute reflected not only
the collusion with state racism among large numbers of German mental
health professionals. But also, and in the same manner, this racism unified
psychotherapists in their own aspirations to professionalize their discipline
under Nazi rule. 8 “These were traumatic times,” Martin Grotjahn recalled,
“and we talked little about them later.” 9
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