Primer on Automobile Fuel Efficiency and Emissions - Pollution Probe

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Five Automobile Subsystems, continued 2 DRIVETRAIN driveshaft Rear-wheel drive engine differential DRIVETRAIN. In a rear-wheel drive automobile, power is carried from the engine to the rear wheels by the drivetrain which consists of the transmission, draft shaft, differential and rear axle. In a front-wheel drive automobile, power is delivered to the front wheels via a transaxle assembly, which combines the transmission, differential and front axle shafts into one integrated component. transmission Front-wheel drive engine transaxle 27 Chapter 2 | Automobile Energy Use, Efficiency and Emissions Explained
Five Automobile Subsystems, continued 3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM dome light Instruments battery tail light windshield wiper electrical wiring headlights starter alternator parking light/turn signal ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. Conventional automobiles are equipped with a lead acid battery that supplies 3 kilowatts (kW) of power at 12 volts; this is sufficient to supply power to operate some accessories and to operate the starter motor (a small electric motor that gets the engine turning so the self-sustaining compression-combustion cycle can begin). When the engine is running, electrical power is supplied by the alternator. <strong>Primer</strong> on Automobile Fuel Efficiency & Emissions 28
Page 1 and 2: PRIMER ON AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENC
Page 3 and 4: POLLUTION PROBE’S PRIMER SERIES P
Page 5 and 6: JUNE 2009 Pollution Probe is please
Page 7 and 8: D R A F T C O P Y D R A F T C O P Y
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 5 BACKGROUND ON FUEL EFFICI
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 | EMISSIONS FROM AUTOMOBI
Page 13 and 14: ways to power automobiles, such as
Page 15 and 16: In the real world, however, combust
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 1-1, CONTINUED OXIDES OF NITR
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 1-1, CONTINUED OXIDES OF SULP
Page 21 and 22: This “enhanced greenhouse effect
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER Chapter 2 TWO D R A F T C O
Page 26 and 27: BOX 2-1 Fuel economy improvements v
Page 30 and 31: Five Automobile Subsystems, continu
Page 32 and 33: % Energy Flow Within A Vehicle (val
Page 34 and 35: % % % % How an Internal Combustion
Page 36 and 37: The higher the compression ratio of
Page 38 and 39: Major forces on an automobile in mo
Page 40 and 41: Inertia To increase speed, the engi
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER THREE INCREASING Chapter 3
Page 44 and 45: Vehicle Weight, Safety and Fuel Eff
Page 46 and 47: FIGURE 3-1 Engine Size: Power versu
Page 48 and 49: Turbocharging and Supercharging Mos
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-2: Engine Technology and Fu
Page 52 and 53: Gasoline versus Diesel engines: Gas
Page 54 and 55: Reducing Drivetrain losses The Tran
Page 56 and 57: call parasitic loads on the cranksh
Page 58: Hybrid Electric Vehicles Today, the
Page 61 and 62: Parallel Architecture Internal Comb
Page 63 and 64: these battery options is expected t
Page 65 and 66: CHAPTER 4 | WHAT YOU CAN DO TO MAXI
Page 67 and 68: A poorly operating Emission Control
Page 69 and 70: Table 4-2: Aerodynamics and Roof Ra
Page 71 and 72: Plan trips wisely. When doing erran
Page 73 and 74: Consider your fuel options. Unless
Page 76 and 77: Purchasing a Vehicle When it comes
Page 78 and 79:
A fuel consumption gauge is an inst
Page 80 and 81:
CHAPTER FIVE BACKGROUND ON FUEL EFF
Page 82 and 83:
and heavy. On average, the 1974 mod
Page 84 and 85:
Fuel Efficiency Trends As discussed
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Table 5-1: CAFC Targets CAFC Standa
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egulations have been implemented wi
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U.S Federal Tier 1 Emissions Standa
Page 92:
Table 5-3: California LEV II Emissi
Page 95 and 96:
CHAPTER 6 | WHAT IS BEING DONE BY G
Page 97 and 98:
Table 6-1: Green Levy Tax Rates Com
Page 99 and 100:
ONTARIO Sales Tax Rebate — People
Page 101 and 102:
sideration that will force automake
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of about €5,000 (CA$8,400) for th
Page 105 and 106:
CHAPTER 7 | WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE E
Page 107 and 108:
EcoMobility for a Cleaner Environme
Page 109 and 110:
This should also benefit automakers
Page 112:
TORONTO OFFICE: 625 Church Street S
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