Primer on Automobile Fuel Efficiency and Emissions - Pollution Probe

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Production of this primer has been made possible through a financial contribution from: Canadian Automobile Association Natural Resources Canada We would also like to thank staff at the following organizations for providing technical information and/or comments on the primer: American Honda Motor Co. Canadian Automobile Association CrossChasm Technologies Inc. Green Communities Natural Resources Canada Ontario Ministry of the Environment – Drive Clean Office Toyota Canada Inc. Transport Canada Special thanks to Matthew Stevens of CrossChasm Technologies for providing ongoing technical support to the primer. This publication was researched and written for Pollution Probe by Olivia Nugent and Bob Oliver. Pollution Probe gratefully acknowledges Shauna Rae (www.shaunarae.ca) for design and layout of this publication. Pollution Probe is solely responsible for the contents of this primer. ISBN 0-919764-52-5
D R A F T C O P Y D R A F T C O P Y
Page 1 and 2: PRIMER ON AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENC
Page 3 and 4: POLLUTION PROBE’S PRIMER SERIES P
Page 5: JUNE 2009 Pollution Probe is please
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 5 BACKGROUND ON FUEL EFFICI
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 | EMISSIONS FROM AUTOMOBI
Page 13 and 14: ways to power automobiles, such as
Page 15 and 16: In the real world, however, combust
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 1-1, CONTINUED OXIDES OF NITR
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 1-1, CONTINUED OXIDES OF SULP
Page 21 and 22: This “enhanced greenhouse effect
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER Chapter 2 TWO D R A F T C O
Page 26 and 27: BOX 2-1 Fuel economy improvements v
Page 28 and 29: Five Automobile Subsystems, continu
Page 30 and 31: Five Automobile Subsystems, continu
Page 32 and 33: % Energy Flow Within A Vehicle (val
Page 34 and 35: % % % % How an Internal Combustion
Page 36 and 37: The higher the compression ratio of
Page 38 and 39: Major forces on an automobile in mo
Page 40 and 41: Inertia To increase speed, the engi
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER THREE INCREASING Chapter 3
Page 44 and 45: Vehicle Weight, Safety and Fuel Eff
Page 46 and 47: FIGURE 3-1 Engine Size: Power versu
Page 48 and 49: Turbocharging and Supercharging Mos
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-2: Engine Technology and Fu
Page 52 and 53: Gasoline versus Diesel engines: Gas
Page 54 and 55: Reducing Drivetrain losses The Tran
Page 56 and 57:
call parasitic loads on the cranksh
Page 58:
Hybrid Electric Vehicles Today, the
Page 61 and 62:
Parallel Architecture Internal Comb
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these battery options is expected t
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CHAPTER 4 | WHAT YOU CAN DO TO MAXI
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A poorly operating Emission Control
Page 69 and 70:
Table 4-2: Aerodynamics and Roof Ra
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Plan trips wisely. When doing erran
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Consider your fuel options. Unless
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Purchasing a Vehicle When it comes
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A fuel consumption gauge is an inst
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CHAPTER FIVE BACKGROUND ON FUEL EFF
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and heavy. On average, the 1974 mod
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Fuel Efficiency Trends As discussed
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Table 5-1: CAFC Targets CAFC Standa
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egulations have been implemented wi
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U.S Federal Tier 1 Emissions Standa
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Table 5-3: California LEV II Emissi
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CHAPTER 6 | WHAT IS BEING DONE BY G
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Table 6-1: Green Levy Tax Rates Com
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ONTARIO Sales Tax Rebate — People
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sideration that will force automake
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of about €5,000 (CA$8,400) for th
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CHAPTER 7 | WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE E
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EcoMobility for a Cleaner Environme
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This should also benefit automakers
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TORONTO OFFICE: 625 Church Street S
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Primer on Automobile Fuel Efficiency and Emissions - Pollution Probe

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