Transactions A.S.M.E.

640 TRANSACTIONS OF THE A.S.M.E. NOVEMBER, 1940
gas and coke in many industrial centers throughout the United
States.
"New England is a good example of a competitive fuel market.
Imported fuels are a negligible factor, but the production of
hydropower and the use of fuel oil, anthracite, and bituminous
coal, together with the by-product forms of manufactured gas
and coke, present to both the industrial and domestic consumer
a wide variety of fuels from which to choose.
The importation of oil, although frowned upon by producers of
competing fuels, has the effect of preserving our country’s
rather limited oil reserves. On the other hand, the importation
of foreign coal, particularly anthracite along the Atlantic seaboard,
does detract from the potential markets for solid fuel, of
which there is available several thousand years’ supply.
T A B L E 2
E S T IM A T E D A N N U A L N O R M A L PR O D U C T IO N
B itum inous coal......................................................... 440 to 480 million tons
A n thracite.................................................................... 50 to 60 million tons
P etroleum ............................................................... 1280 to 1300 million bbl
N atural gas..................................................................... 2450000 million cu ft
H ydropow er.................................................................... 45000 million kwhr
N o t e : Coke and m anufactured gas involve the consum ption of other
prim ary forms of fuel and are not included.
nage is produced in the eastern or Appalachian fields, 18 per cent
in the middle-western fields (nrinimum price areas (2, 10) Nos. 1
and 2, respectively), and the balance in varied and scattered
amounts in the South and in the Rocky Mountain and northwestern
states.
The annual consumption of bituminous coal in the market
areas east of the Mississippi River, for industrial and domestic
uses, excluding export, railroad, and bunker fuel, approximates
3/i of the total tonnage of the United States, apportioned (4) as
shown in Table 3.
° R efer also to Figs. 1 and 2.
b 26.2 million B tu per to n of bitum inous coal.
The total annual supply of energy from mineral fuels and
water power (at the prevailing central-station heat equivalent)
closely approximates 25,000 trillion Btu. As now proportioned,
this may be expressed in terms given in Table 2.
Approximately 70 per cent of the total bituminous-coal ton-
T A B LE 3 A N N U AL C O N S U M P T IO N OF B IT U M IN O U S COAL IN
EAST
M illion tons
New England S tates......................................................................... 17
New Y ork S ta te .............................................................................#.
Pennsylvania, W est Virginia, and other N orth A tlantio
23
S tates.................................................................................................
O ther states south of th e Ohio and east of th e M ississippi
75
R ivers................................................................................................
S tates north of th e Ohio and east of th e M ississippi Rivers
42
162
Substantially all the anthracite is produced in eastern Pennsylvania
and consumed in the North Atlantic States.
The principal consumption of fuel and gas oil is in the producing
and adjacent areas and those markets conveniently