Combinatorial and High-Throughput Screening of Materials ...

ACS Combinatorial Science
REVIEW
Table 2. Continued
materials system instrumentation knowledge ref
one-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging for the evaluation ranking of polymer/UV absorber compositions
333
coiled libraries
of polymer/UV
absorber compositions
of oxidative stability (weathering) of polymer/UV
absorber compositions under accelerated test
conditions. Environmental stress is applied to only local
regions, followed by high-sensitivity spatially
resolved characterization.
equivalent to traditional weathering data while achieved
20 times faster
polyphasic fluid
microreactor for liquid/liquid isomerization and
reaction rate is proportional to the catalyst concentration; 512
reactions
gas/liquid asymmetric hydrogenation based on
dynamic sequential operation
the rate decreases with increasing surfactant concentration,
no change in the enantiomeric excess was observed
polymer synthesis on-line GPC for reaction optimization determination of activation energy of polymerization 513
siloxane rubber/
carbon black
nanocomposites
automated scanning probe microscope
study of curing rate of siloxane rubber matrix on roughness
and conductivity of composites
514
Figure 3. Schematic of (A) zero-, (B) first-, and (C) second-order
analytical measurements for high-throughput materials characterization.
polymeric materials upon their melt polymerization were performed
directly in individual microreactors. A view of the
96-microreactor array is shown in Figure 4C. From these
measurements, several chemical parameters in the combinatorial
samples were identified. The spectral shape of the fluorescence
emission with an excitation at 340 nm provided the information
about the concentration of the branched product in the polycarbonate
polymer and the selectivity of a catalyst used for the
melt polymerization. 60,64,65 A representative fluorescence spectrum
(along with an excitation line at 340 nm) from a single
microreactor in the array is illustrated in Figure 4D.
When measurements are done with a first-order instrument and
there is another independent variable involved, this constitutes a
Figure 4. Typical examples of zero-, first, and second-order analytical
measurements for high-throughput materials characterization: (A, B)
Zero-order measurements of scattered light from each organic coating in
a 48-element array at a single wavelength upon an abrasion resistance
test. A, reflected-light image of the coatings array. B, representative
reflected light intensity from a single coating in the array. (C, D) Firstorder
measurements of fluorescence spectra from each polycarbonate
material in a 96-element microreactor array at a single excitation
wavelength. C, reflected-light image of the microreactor array. D,
representative fluorescence spectrum from a single polymer material
in the array. (E, F) Second-order measurements of color changes in
colorimetric sensing materials in a 48-element array. E, general view of
the sensor materials array in a gas flow-through cell. F, representative
absorption spectra from a single material in the array collected over a
period of time of reaction of this sensor material with a vapor of interest.
second-order measurement approach (see Figure 4E and F). This
type of screening was used for the evaluation of sensing materials.
584 dx.doi.org/10.1021/co200007w |ACS Comb. Sci. 2011, 13, 579–633