Gender and climate change research in - FAO

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Part 3: Annexes Annex 1: Glossary for development, gender and climate change terms Adaptation IPCC definition: Adjustment in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment. Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. Various types of adaptation can be distinguished, including anticipatory and reactive adaptation, private and public adaptation, and autonomous and planned adaptation (Source: 5). In other words, addressing the impacts of climate change. Other definitions: Outside of the climate change discourse, natural science disciplines use the term adaptation to “broadly refer to the development of genetic or behavioural characteristics which enable organisms or systems to cope with environmental changes in order to survive and reproduce.” Social science disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, and political ecology, utilize the term adaptation in reference to human systems; according to Denevan, “cultural practices that allow societies to survive (and beyond that, flourish) are considered adaptations” (Adapted from Source: 10). Climate Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather” or more rigorously as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system (Source: 7). Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. Note that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines “climate change” as: “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.” The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between “climate change” attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition, and “climate variability” attributable to natural causes. See also climate variability (Source: 7). Climate-smart agriculture Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes green house gases (mitigation), and enhances achievement of national fool security and development goals (Source: 4). 116 Part 3 Annexes
Climate system The climate system is the highly complex system consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface and the biosphere, and the interactions between them. The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and because of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, solar variations, and human-induced forcings such as the changing composition of the atmosphere and land-use change (Source: 7). Climate variability Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other statistics (such as standard deviations, the occurrence of extremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual weather events. Variability may be due to natural internal processes within the climate system (internal variability), or to variations in natural or anthropogenic external forcing (external variability). See also climate change (Source: 7). Co-benefits IPCC definition: Co-benefits are the benefits of policies that are implemented for various reasons at the same time – including climate change mitigation – acknowledging that most policies designed to address greenhouse gas mitigation also have other, often at least equally important, rationales (e.g. related to objectives of development, sustainability, and equity). The term co-impact is also used in a more generic sense to cover both the positive and negatives sides of the benefits (Source: 5). Community based adaptation (CBA) Builds the resilience of communities and the ecosystems upon which they rely in the face of climate change impacts. CBA actions need to: (1) be community-driven; (2) be strategically-aligned with country programme strategies on climate change adaptation; (3) integrate livelihoods and natural resource management perspectives; in ways that take care of the natural resource base, while enhancing the resilience of resource-based livelihoods and contributing to global environmental benefits; (4) leverage lessons learned from community actions to inform national policy dialogues (Source: 6). Development Planned socio-cultural and economic change for the improvement of quality of living. The goal is to encourage change that is sustainable, equal and efficient (Source:: 17). Extreme weather event An extreme weather event is an event that is rare within its statistical reference distribution at a particular place. Definitions of ’rare’ vary, but an extreme weather event would normally be as rare as or rarer than the 10th or 90th percentile. By definition, the characteristics of what is called extreme weather may vary from place to place. An extreme climate event is an average of a number of weather events over a certain period of time, an average which is itself extreme (e.g., rainfall over a season) (Source: 7). Food insecurity A situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life. It may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level. Food insecurity may be chronic, seasonal, or transitory (Source: 7). Part 3: Annexes 117
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TRAINING GUIDE GENDER AND CLIMATE C
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The designations employed and the p
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Table of contents Abbreviations and
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Boxes Box 1.1. Men’s and Women’
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Part 1: Concepts and tools A. Intro
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etween gender, climate change and f
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2. FAO Gender website. WWW.FAO.ORG/
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critical resources such as land and
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The term resources refers to physic
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Table 1.3: Gender issues related to
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necessarily a homogenous group, and
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Module 2: Concepts: gender and clim
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Sea level rise The global sea leve
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Food security is typically equated
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B. The Gender dimensions of climate
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Box 2.4. Examples of coping strateg
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To avoid emissions in the agricultu
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Box 2.9. Carbon markets There are m
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The adoption of climate-smart pract
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Module 3: Field research tool box I
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addition, it is possible that the c
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The objective of collecting climate
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If the village has more than one et
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Figure 4: Example of a seasonal cal
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Figure 5: Example of a seasonal dai
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Figure 6: Example of a household ag
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What do you not have that would hel
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Process: Prepare a chart of key ins
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Table 3.2: Example of categories fo
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When a family receives food to eat
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Fulfil all ethical best practice re
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create them yourself. You should th
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10. Cancel any selections you may h
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Communicating with the village You
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Module 5: Work plan on gender and c
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is to ensure that the research work
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Gender and climate change research in - FAO

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