Gender and climate change research in - FAO

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Food security Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (Source: 14). Gender Gender refers not to male and female, but to masculine and feminine - that is, to qualities or characteristics that society ascribes to each sex. People are born female or male, but learn to be women and men. Perceptions of gender are deeply rooted, vary widely both within and between cultures, and change over time. But in all cultures, gender determines power and resources for females and males (Source: 2). Gender shapes the opportunities and constraints that women and men face in securing their livelihoods across all cultural, political, economic and environmental settings. Gender influences the roles and relationships of people throughout all their activities, including their labour and decisionmaking roles (Source: 1). Gender analysis The study of the different roles of women and men in order to understand what they do, what resources they have, and what their needs and priorities are (Source: 2). Gender balance The equal and active participation of women and men in all areas of decision-making, and in access to and control over resources and services. The United Nations considers gender balance fundamental to the achievement of equality, development and peace (Source: 2). Gender equality Equal participation of women and men in decision-making, equal ability to exercise their human rights, equal access to and control of resources and the benefits of development, and equal opportunities in employment and in all other aspects of their livelihoods (Source: 2). Gender equity Fairness and impartiality in the treatment of women and men in terms of rights, benefits, obligations and opportunities. By creating social relations in which neither of the sexes suffers discrimination, gender equity aims at improving gender relations and gender roles, and achieving gender equality. The essence of equity is not identical treatment - treatment may be equal or different, but should always be considered equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, obligations and opportunities (Source: 2). Gender mainstreaming The UN lead and globally recognized strategy for achieving gender equality. Gender mainstreaming is defined by the United Nations as the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action in all areas and at all levels. That means making both the concerns and experiences of women and men an integral dimension of all agriculture and rural development efforts (Source: 2). 118 Part 3 Annexes
Gender relations The ways in which a society defines rights, responsibilities and the identities of men and women in relation to one another (Source: 2). Gender roles Those behaviours, tasks and responsibilities that a society considers appropriate for men, women, boys and girls (Source: 2). Gender roles are: socially constructed; learned; dynamic (they change over time); multi-faceted (they differ within and between cultures) and influenced by class, age, caste, ethnicity and religion (Source: 1). Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases effectively absorb infrared radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, by the atmosphere itself due to the same gases, and by clouds. Atmospheric radiation is emitted to all sides, including downward to the Earth’s surface. Thus greenhouse gases trap heat within the surface-troposphere system. This is called the ’natural greenhouse effect’. Atmospheric radiation is strongly coupled to the temperature of the level at which it is emitted. In the troposphere, the temperature generally decreases with height. Effectively, infrared radiation emitted to space originates from an altitude with a temperature of, on average, -19°C, in balance with the net incoming solar radiation, whereas the Earth’s surface is kept at a much higher temperature of, on average, +14°C. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increased infrared opacity of the atmosphere, and therefore to an effective radiation into space from a higher altitude at a lower temperature. This causes a radiative forcing, an imbalance that can only be compensated for by an increase of the temperature of the surface-troposphere system. This is the ’enhanced greenhouse effect’ (Source: 7). Greenhouse gas Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere, and clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3) are the primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. Moreover there are a number of entirely human-made greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as the halocarbons and other chlorine- and bromine-containing substances, dealt with under the Montreal Protocol. Besides CO2, N2O, and CH4, the Kyoto Protocol deals with the greenhouse gases sulphurhexafluoride (SF6), hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) and per-fluorocarbons (PFCs) (Source: 7). Climate Impacts Climate impacts are consequences of climate change on natural and human systems. Depending on the consideration of adaptation, one can distinguish between potential impacts and residual impacts. Potential impacts are all impacts that may occur given a projected change in climate, without considering adaptation. Residual impacts are the impacts of climate change that would occur after adaptation. (Source: 7). Indigenous peoples People whose ancestors inhabited a place or a country when persons from another culture or ethnic background arrived on the scene and dominated them through conquest, settlement, or other means and who today live more in conformity with their own social, economic, and cultural Part 3: Annexes 119
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TRAINING GUIDE GENDER AND CLIMATE C
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The designations employed and the p
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Table of contents Abbreviations and
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Boxes Box 1.1. Men’s and Women’
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Part 1: Concepts and tools A. Intro
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etween gender, climate change and f
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2. FAO Gender website. WWW.FAO.ORG/
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critical resources such as land and
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The term resources refers to physic
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Table 1.3: Gender issues related to
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necessarily a homogenous group, and
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Module 2: Concepts: gender and clim
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Sea level rise The global sea leve
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Food security is typically equated
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B. The Gender dimensions of climate
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Box 2.4. Examples of coping strateg
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To avoid emissions in the agricultu
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Box 2.9. Carbon markets There are m
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The adoption of climate-smart pract
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Module 3: Field research tool box I
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addition, it is possible that the c
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The objective of collecting climate
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If the village has more than one et
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Figure 4: Example of a seasonal cal
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Figure 5: Example of a seasonal dai
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Figure 6: Example of a household ag
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What do you not have that would hel
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Process: Prepare a chart of key ins
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Table 3.2: Example of categories fo
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When a family receives food to eat
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Fulfil all ethical best practice re
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create them yourself. You should th
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10. Cancel any selections you may h
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Communicating with the village You
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Module 5: Work plan on gender and c
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is to ensure that the research work
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Thus the challenge in this particul
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Page 79 and 80: Table 5.1: Help for discussing the
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Page 87 and 88: Part 5: Exit Strategy - sharing bac
Page 89 and 90: CCAFS - FAO debriefing document Dat
Page 91 and 92: Was there any discussions or disagr
Page 93 and 94: Scan and insert the seasonal calend
Page 95 and 96: Scan and insert the seasonal calend
Page 97 and 98: Insert the daily weather forecast p
Page 99 and 100: Insert the seasonal weather forecas
Page 107 and 108: Day 2 - topic 2: Weather forecast s
Page 111 and 112: Reporting on Institutional Issues -
Page 113 and 114: Day 3 - topic 3: Understanding and
Page 115 and 116: Reporting on changing farming pract
Page 117 and 118: Day 4 - Presentation of the summary
Page 119 and 120: Topic 1: Climate analogues Research
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Page 123 and 124: Methods component How effective
Page 125: Climate system The climate system i
Page 129 and 130: Risk Risk combines the magnitude of
Page 131 and 132: Annex 2: Additional resources Gende
Page 133 and 134: UN and Oxfam (2009) Responding to C
Page 135 and 136: Lambrou, Y. and Nelson, S. 2010. Fa
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Gender and climate change research in - FAO

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