Literature Review on Skill Fade - Human Factors Integration ...

HFIDTC/2/WP10.3/2
Version No. 1/ 25 May 2007
Contents
1 Executive Summary ................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction ................................................................................................ 2
3 Paper 1: Arthur et al. (1998): Factors That Influence Skill Decay and
Retention: A Quantitative <strong>Review</strong> and Analysis .................................................. 4
3.1 Factors Affecting Skill Fade ................................................................................................ 4
3.1.1 Retention Interval................................................................................................. 4
3.1.2 Overlearning ........................................................................................................ 5
3.1.3 Task Type ............................................................................................................ 5
3.1.3.1 Physical and Cognitive tasks............................................................................... 5
3.1.3.2 Open-loop and Closed-loop Tasks...................................................................... 6
3.1.3.3 Natural and Artificial Tasks.................................................................................. 6
3.1.4 Speed vs. Accuracy ............................................................................................. 6
3.1.5 Method of Testing For Original Learning and Retention ..................................... 6
3.1.6 Conditions of Retrieval: Similarity of Original Learning and Retention Testing
Contexts ............................................................................................................................. 7
3.1.7 Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................... 7
3.1.8 Instructional Strategies and Training Method...................................................... 7
3.1.9 Individual Differences - Ability.............................................................................. 8
4 Paper 2: Healy et al. (1998): Long-Term Retention of Knowledge and Skills
................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Class One - Optimising Conditions of Training................................................................... 9
4.1.1 Contextual interference........................................................................................ 9
4.1.2 Training Parts of the Task Versus the Whole Task ........................................... 10
4.1.3 The “Generation Effect” ..................................................................................... 10
4.2 Class Two – Optimise the Strategies Used ...................................................................... 10
4.3 Class Three – Achieve Automatic Retrieval...................................................................... 10
5 Paper 3: Summers et al. (1998): Predicting Skill Fade and Procuring
Performance ..................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Psychological Concepts.................................................................................................... 11
5.1.1 Skill Acquisition.................................................................................................. 11
5.1.1.1 Motivation to Learn ............................................................................................ 11
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