TMT Construction Proposal - Thirty Meter Telescope

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11.7 Work Plan ................................................................................................................................197 11.8 Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Assurance ..............................................................199 11.8.1 Environment, Safety and Health (ES&H) ............................................................................199 11.8.2 Quality Assurance (QA).......................................................................................................199 11.9 Acquisition and Procurement...................................................................................................199 11.10 Cost Estimate ..........................................................................................................................200 11.11 Schedule..................................................................................................................................200 11.12 Staffing and Human Resources...............................................................................................200 11.13 Cost and Schedule Control and Performance Measurement..................................................200 11.14 Configuration Management and Change Control....................................................................201 11.15 Documentation.........................................................................................................................201 11.16 Reporting to Sponsors .............................................................................................................202 11.16.1 Monthly Progress Report ................................................................................................202 11.16.2 Quarterly Progress Report ..............................................................................................202 11.16.3 Annual Report .................................................................................................................202 11.17 Meetings and Reviews.............................................................................................................202 11.17.1 Internal TMT Meetings ....................................................................................................202 11.17.2 External Advisory Panel..................................................................................................202 11.17.3 Sponsor Reviews ............................................................................................................202 11.18 Publication and Dissemination ................................................................................................203 12 Cost Estimate and Schedule................................................................................................ 204 12.1 Estimating Methodology ..........................................................................................................204 12.2 Cost Summary .........................................................................................................................207 12.3 Cost Drivers .............................................................................................................................208 12.4 Risk Areas and Contingency ...................................................................................................210 12.5 Schedule..................................................................................................................................212 12.6 Staffing Plan ............................................................................................................................213 12.7 Cost Scaling.............................................................................................................................213 12.8 Operations Costs .....................................................................................................................214 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 216 TMT Construction Proposal xvi
LIST OF FIGURES Fig 1-1: The telescope design (a), and the entire observatory system (b). ..................................................2 Fig 2-1: Schematic history of the Universe (WMAP team). ..........................................................................5 Fig 2-2: Composition of the Universe............................................................................................................6 Fig 2-3: Simulation of the dark matter structure at a redshift z = 3...............................................................8 Fig 2-4: Wavelength residuals seen in QSO spectra vs sensitivity coefficient.. ...........................................8 Fig 2-5: Predicted spectrum of the first luminous objects. ............................................................................ 9 Fig 2-6: Distant galaxies, with redshift z = 5.6, amplified by gravitational lensing by a foreground galaxy cluster............................................................................................................................................................9 Fig 2-7: Image of a distant galaxy superimposed on a TMT integral field unit. .........................................10 Fig 2-8: Simulated spectrum of an R = 24 galaxy observed with WFOS on TMT. ....................................10 Fig 2-9: Simulation showing the positions of populations of stars (left) and the radial velocity as a function of radius.......................................................................................................................................................11 Fig 2-10: Simulated color-magnitude diagram for stars in M32 as seen by TMT + IRIS............................11 Fig 2-11: Comparison of spectra taken at moderate resolution (upper curve) and high resolution (lower curve) of a metal-poor star..........................................................................................................................12 Fig 2-12: Simulation showing black hole mass vs distance for different galaxy types ...............................12 Fig 2-13: Infrared image of the galactic center, with previous positions of stars superimposed. ...............13 Fig 2-14: Image of a star field in M31 obtained using the Keck 10 meter telescope laser guide star AO system.........................................................................................................................................................13 Fig 2-15: Images of young stellar objects ...................................................................................................14 Fig 2-16: Artist’s impression of a protoplanetary disk, showing a planet orbiting within the ring that it has cleared (left). Profile of an emission line from a hypothetical spectroscopic observation (right)................14 Fig 2-17: Mid-infrared spectrum of the massive protostar NGC 7538 IRS 1 with the IRTF telescope showing absorption lines of organic molecules...........................................................................................15 Fig 2-18: Masses of known exoplanets plotted vs the semimajor axis of their orbits................................15 Fig 2-19: Two giant planets imaged with adaptive optics. ..........................................................................16 Fig 2-20: The ratio of brightness between the planet and the host star is plotted as a function of the angular separation between the planet and star for a large number of hypothetical planets.. ...................16 Fig 2-21: Contrast ratio as a function of wavelength for a Jupiter-like planet orbiting a solar-type star, for a range of orbital radii ....................................................................................................................................17 Fig 2-22: Simulated high-resolution spectrum of the oxygen A-band absorption feature in the atmosphere of a transiting planet....................................................................................................................................17 Fig 2-23: Image of Europa at the resolution of TMT + IRIS........................................................................18 Fig 2-24: High-resolution spectrum of Titan obtained with the Texes mid-infrared spectrometer, illustrating how high-resolution observations can give detailed information about the abundances of molecular species ........................................................................................................................................................18 Fig 3-1: Atmospheric transmission for a high altitude site (Mauna Kea). ...................................................20 Fig 3-2: Pattern of 492 segments of the primary mirror. .............................................................................20 Fig 3-3: The PSF of a 30m circular aperture is shown (black line), the azimuth average of the TMT aperture (red line) and the cuts of the TMT PSF in X (blue line) and Y (green line) ..................................21 Fig 3-4: Fractional science degradation with increasing telescope blur. ....................................................23 Fig 3-5: Possible mirror coatings for TMT. The throughput including all three mirrors is shown................24 Fig 4-1: Views of the five TMT candidate sites. ..........................................................................................29 Fig 4-2: The TMT site selection instrument suite........................................................................................30 Fig 6-1: Structure of requirements documentation. ....................................................................................48 Fig 6-2: Structure of requirements documentation. ....................................................................................50 Fig 7-1: Optical layout of the telescope.......................................................................................................53 Fig 7-2: Telescope layout............................................................................................................................55 Fig 7-3: The Nasmyth platforms with entire envisioned instrument suite supporting the science cases....55 Fig 7-4: Stairs and walkways on the enclosure...........................................................................................56 Fig 7-5: Elevators providing access to the Nasmyth platforms and the telescope structure. .....................57 Fig 7-6: Radial travel of the cap mounted hoist. .........................................................................................57 Fig 7-7: The cap mounted 20 tonne crane and the M2 service platform. ...................................................57 TMT Construction Proposal xvii
Page 1 and 2: Thirty Meter Telescope Construction
Page 3 and 4: The Thirty Meter Telescope Construc
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Bob Abraham Ed
Page 7 and 8: Jonathan Tan Tommaso Treu Jean-Pier
Page 9 and 10: CONTRIBUTING COMPANIES Ball Aerospa
Page 11 and 12: 2.10.3 Atmospheric physics of the o
Page 13 and 14: 7.4.2 Image size budget for seeing
Page 15: 8.6.2 Wide-Field Optical Spectrogra
Page 19 and 20: Fig 8-39: A graphical representatio
Page 21 and 22: LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: Enclosed
Page 23 and 24: TMT Construction Proposal 1 Impleme
Page 25 and 26: However, TMT will be the first grou
Page 27 and 28: 2 Science Motivation 2.1 Introducti
Page 29 and 30: necessarily have smaller apertures.
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 The early Universe The expansio
Page 33 and 34: e possible to simultaneously map th
Page 35 and 36: 2.7.1 Black holes in galactic nucle
Page 37 and 38: 2.8.3 Protoplanetary disks Protopla
Page 39 and 40: 2.9.3 Atmospheres of massive planet
Page 41 and 42: 3 Science-Based Requirements 3.1 Ov
Page 43 and 44: Fig 3-3: The PSF of a 30m circular
Page 45 and 46: Fig 3-4: Fractional science degrada
Page 47 and 48: Sometimes it is necessary to offset
Page 49 and 50: Ground Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO)
Page 51 and 52: Fig 4-1: Views of the five TMT cand
Page 53 and 54: sites, to assess the impact of site
Page 55 and 56: 4.6 Site merit function 4.6.1 Key P
Page 57 and 58: 5 Operational Concepts In the previ
Page 59 and 60: Observatory-based pipelines are now
Page 61 and 62: 6 Observatory Requirements 6.1 Obse
Page 63 and 64: the requirement at zenith. The imag
Page 65 and 66: 6.1.7.4 IRMS Requirements IRMS is a
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The enclosure will manage the dayti
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Each center would have a remote obs
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6.2.1.2 Traceability The requiremen
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7 System Design and Performance Thi
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Segment size Extensive trade studie
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Fig 7-2: Telescope layout. 7.2.3 Na
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Fig 7-5: Elevators providing access
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7.3.1 Control architecture Pointing
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wavefront corrections for multiple
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7.3.3 Acquisition Acquisition is th
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Table 7-2: D 80 on-axis image jitte
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Table 7-4: Telescope pointing error
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The pertinent metrics (RMS and P-V
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time-scale ambient temperature beha
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downtime for critical and redundant
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8 Observatory Description In this c
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8.1.3.8 Support Facilities The Supp
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8.1.5.5 8.1.5.6 Room Room Mirror St
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8.2 Enclosure 8.2.1 Overview The TM
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The TMT enclosure structure was ana
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8.2.3.6 Aperture Flaps One of the m
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and they are provided through cable
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Fig 8-16: Structural Placement for
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lines and cryogenic hoses are stack
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The optical performance of the segm
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The TMT AO-corrected wavefront erro
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Retro-reflectors (e.g. “cat-eyes
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8.3.3 Secondary Mirror Assembly 8.3
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Table 8-4: Preliminary Wavefront Er
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TMT plans to contract separately fo
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The mirror supports and positioner
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• M1 Control System (M1CS) • Mo
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Table 8-7: Characteristics of the n
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systems based on commands received
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Conceptual Design Description and O
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The actuator design is based on a p
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Fig 8-36: Residual in-plane error m
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etween individual segments that can
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Fig 8-39: A graphical representatio
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8.3.5.8 Commissioning Acquisition a
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The conceptual design of the PFC is
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narrowband algorithm except that th
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semi-analytic raytrace code, and th
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each will be mounted in an enclosur
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Fig 8-48: A COTS handling fixture t
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• Use common communications (midd
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• Build tools and build process s
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several more innovative concepts wh
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Parameter Table 8-15: Fundamental A
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The natural visible light continues
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Table 8-18: NFIRAOS Risks and Mitig
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Fig 8-57: Functional block diagram
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transport the laser beams could dra
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8.5.3 Early Light AO Components 8.5
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specifications for quantum efficien
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Fig 8-63: NFIRAOS RTC functional bl
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The requirements given in Table 8-2
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Table 8-24: The SRD science instrum
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pupil at the grating will have a di
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The design of the IRIS imaging chan
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corresponding numbers at f/15 on a
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1 J 1 H 0.8 0.8 EE 0.6 0.4 on−axi
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The main PFI requirements listed in
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science objectives require a high (
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AO Development Both IRMOS concepts
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footprint of the current HROS-CU de
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fabrication risks, while still meet
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[22] Review Committee Report on the
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During the last 24 months of TMT AI
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Fig 9-1 reflects AIV, which is a co
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Fig 9-4: Base shell erected. Fig 9-
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M3 support elevation journal M1 cel
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10 Observatory Operations Although
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Table 10-1: General science operati
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Table 10-2: TMT Staffing Plan. Staf
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11 Project Execution Plan 11.1 Obje
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The System Engineer is responsible
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11.8 Environment, Safety, Health an
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corrective actions. One monthly pro
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11.18 Publication and Dissemination
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ES&H ETC EV ExAO FEA FD PCG FDR FIF
Page 229:
SFG SPHERE SiRD SKA SMP SMP SNR SOD
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TMT Construction Proposal - Thirty Meter Telescope

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