TMT Construction Proposal - Thirty Meter Telescope

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Table 10-1: General science operations: ramp-up of scheduled nights. ..................................................191 Table 10-2: TMT Staffing Plan. .................................................................................................................193 Table 10-3: Operations running cost categories.......................................................................................194 Table 11-1: The WBS is displayed to level 3. ...........................................................................................198 Table 12-1: Programmatic Phases/Subphases. .......................................................................................204 Table 12-2: Nonlabor Estimating Methodologies......................................................................................205 Table 12-3: Contingency Risk Percent. ....................................................................................................205 Table 12-4: Contingency Risk Factors......................................................................................................206 Table 12-5: Rolled-Up Cost Summary ($M FY06)....................................................................................208 Table 12-6: Subcontract Cost Drivers.......................................................................................................210 TMT Construction Proposal xxii
TMT Construction Proposal 1 Implementing the Thirty Meter Telescope 1.1 Starting Points Since the revolution in physics at the dawn of the 20th century, the history of astronomy has been one of exploration guided by the twin beacons of physical insight and technology. Physical insight has guided the questions we ask and the answers we derive from our observational data. Technology has extended our grasp to the very dawn of time. Those of us alive today are extraordinarily lucky to have the answers to some of the deepest questions about the universe around us. We have arrived at a moment when we can see the imprint of the Big Bang everywhere we look: from the smallest ripples in the cosmic microwave background to the filaments of galaxies stretching across the sky of the present day universe to the very water in our bodies. But our journey of exploration is not over, not all has been revealed. The terra incognito ahead is just as exciting as the astronomical landscape explored in the past. Our universe appears to be dominated by mysterious quantities we have named dark energy and dark matter – we can observe their effect but we do not understand what they are or why they exist. The discovery of planetary systems around other stars has revealed that the structure and composition of our solar system may be the exception, not the rule – our ideas about planetary formation and the origin of life have to be completely revised. Beacons of extraordinary brightness shine out across the universe – what are they and how can they be used to study the intervening universe Galaxies in the local universe show signs of a violent and turbulent past – what will we see when we actually observe their predecessors in the high redshift universe We have a good idea of when the first stars formed – can we capture and analyze their light We choose to improve our understanding, to seek answers to these questions, not merely to satisfy idle curiosity but for the benefit of all humankind. The steady improvement in our understanding of the physical universe has driven the development of our technological civilization to heights that were simply unimaginable even 100 years ago. We stand on the edge of another breakthrough of inconceivable impact in our understanding of the physical universe – and astronomy will play a key role in taking us over that threshold. And so we propose to build TMT – an exploration vehicle that takes advantage of the latest technology. To do this, we bring together the experience and knowledge of a broad, international community. Over the last 15 years, this community has been at the forefront of ground-based astronomical research and technology, having built and operated four 8 – 10m telescopes and participated in many of the most important scientific breakthroughs over this period. Our goal is to build a facility that will be exceptionally powerful in its own right while being capable of working in synergy with other planned facilities (such as the James Webb Space Telescope in space and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array on the ground) to address the key questions of 2016 as well as the new questions that will arise during following 30 years. TMT will fulfill the aspirations expressed in the 2001 decadal report for a giant segmented telescope [1]. TMT construction will commence in 2009 with the goal of testing the telescope with its full primary mirror in 2016. First science observations will be carried out shortly thereafter. By following this construction schedule, TMT will be the first telescope in the next generation of extremely large telescopes, providing the TMT partner astronomers with first access to a new window on the universe, rich in scientific discovery. 1.2 The TMT Observatory The core of the TMT Observatory, see Fig. 1-1, will be a wide-field, alt-az Ritchey-Chretien telescope with a 492 segment, 30 meter diameter primary mirror, a fully active secondary mirror and an articulated tertiary mirror. The optical beam of this telescope will feed a constellation of adaptive optics (AO) systems and science instruments mounted on large Nasmyth platforms surrounding the telescope azimuth structure. These platforms will be large enough to support at least eight different AO/instrument combinations (depending on exact volume and mass parameters) covering a broad range of spatial and spectral resolution. To support and maintain these technical systems, a comprehensive set of support facilities is included in the basic observatory design. TMT Construction Proposal 1
Page 1 and 2: Thirty Meter Telescope Construction
Page 3 and 4: The Thirty Meter Telescope Construc
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Bob Abraham Ed
Page 7 and 8: Jonathan Tan Tommaso Treu Jean-Pier
Page 9 and 10: CONTRIBUTING COMPANIES Ball Aerospa
Page 11 and 12: 2.10.3 Atmospheric physics of the o
Page 13 and 14: 7.4.2 Image size budget for seeing
Page 15 and 16: 8.6.2 Wide-Field Optical Spectrogra
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF FIGURES Fig 1-1: The telesc
Page 19 and 20: Fig 8-39: A graphical representatio
Page 21: LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: Enclosed
Page 25 and 26: However, TMT will be the first grou
Page 27 and 28: 2 Science Motivation 2.1 Introducti
Page 29 and 30: necessarily have smaller apertures.
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 The early Universe The expansio
Page 33 and 34: e possible to simultaneously map th
Page 35 and 36: 2.7.1 Black holes in galactic nucle
Page 37 and 38: 2.8.3 Protoplanetary disks Protopla
Page 39 and 40: 2.9.3 Atmospheres of massive planet
Page 41 and 42: 3 Science-Based Requirements 3.1 Ov
Page 43 and 44: Fig 3-3: The PSF of a 30m circular
Page 45 and 46: Fig 3-4: Fractional science degrada
Page 47 and 48: Sometimes it is necessary to offset
Page 49 and 50: Ground Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO)
Page 51 and 52: Fig 4-1: Views of the five TMT cand
Page 53 and 54: sites, to assess the impact of site
Page 55 and 56: 4.6 Site merit function 4.6.1 Key P
Page 57 and 58: 5 Operational Concepts In the previ
Page 59 and 60: Observatory-based pipelines are now
Page 61 and 62: 6 Observatory Requirements 6.1 Obse
Page 63 and 64: the requirement at zenith. The imag
Page 65 and 66: 6.1.7.4 IRMS Requirements IRMS is a
Page 67 and 68: The enclosure will manage the dayti
Page 69 and 70: Each center would have a remote obs
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.1.2 Traceability The requiremen
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7 System Design and Performance Thi
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Segment size Extensive trade studie
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Fig 7-2: Telescope layout. 7.2.3 Na
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Fig 7-5: Elevators providing access
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7.3.1 Control architecture Pointing
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wavefront corrections for multiple
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7.3.3 Acquisition Acquisition is th
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Table 7-2: D 80 on-axis image jitte
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Table 7-4: Telescope pointing error
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The pertinent metrics (RMS and P-V
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time-scale ambient temperature beha
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downtime for critical and redundant
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8 Observatory Description In this c
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8.1.3.8 Support Facilities The Supp
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8.1.5.5 8.1.5.6 Room Room Mirror St
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8.2 Enclosure 8.2.1 Overview The TM
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The TMT enclosure structure was ana
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8.2.3.6 Aperture Flaps One of the m
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and they are provided through cable
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Fig 8-16: Structural Placement for
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lines and cryogenic hoses are stack
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The optical performance of the segm
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The TMT AO-corrected wavefront erro
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Retro-reflectors (e.g. “cat-eyes
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8.3.3 Secondary Mirror Assembly 8.3
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Table 8-4: Preliminary Wavefront Er
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TMT plans to contract separately fo
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The mirror supports and positioner
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• M1 Control System (M1CS) • Mo
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Table 8-7: Characteristics of the n
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systems based on commands received
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Conceptual Design Description and O
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The actuator design is based on a p
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Fig 8-36: Residual in-plane error m
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etween individual segments that can
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Fig 8-39: A graphical representatio
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8.3.5.8 Commissioning Acquisition a
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The conceptual design of the PFC is
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narrowband algorithm except that th
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semi-analytic raytrace code, and th
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each will be mounted in an enclosur
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Fig 8-48: A COTS handling fixture t
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• Use common communications (midd
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• Build tools and build process s
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several more innovative concepts wh
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Parameter Table 8-15: Fundamental A
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The natural visible light continues
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Table 8-18: NFIRAOS Risks and Mitig
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Fig 8-57: Functional block diagram
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transport the laser beams could dra
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8.5.3 Early Light AO Components 8.5
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specifications for quantum efficien
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Fig 8-63: NFIRAOS RTC functional bl
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The requirements given in Table 8-2
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Table 8-24: The SRD science instrum
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pupil at the grating will have a di
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The design of the IRIS imaging chan
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corresponding numbers at f/15 on a
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1 J 1 H 0.8 0.8 EE 0.6 0.4 on−axi
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The main PFI requirements listed in
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science objectives require a high (
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AO Development Both IRMOS concepts
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footprint of the current HROS-CU de
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fabrication risks, while still meet
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[22] Review Committee Report on the
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During the last 24 months of TMT AI
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Fig 9-1 reflects AIV, which is a co
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Fig 9-4: Base shell erected. Fig 9-
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M3 support elevation journal M1 cel
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10 Observatory Operations Although
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Table 10-1: General science operati
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Table 10-2: TMT Staffing Plan. Staf
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11 Project Execution Plan 11.1 Obje
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The System Engineer is responsible
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11.8 Environment, Safety, Health an
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corrective actions. One monthly pro
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11.18 Publication and Dissemination
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ES&H ETC EV ExAO FEA FD PCG FDR FIF
Page 229:
SFG SPHERE SiRD SKA SMP SMP SNR SOD
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