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The Exchange - National Committee on United States-China Relations

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<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caves of Sanmenxia<br />

Carmen De Yoe<br />

This past weekend I was invited to tour the caves of<br />

Sanmenxia. I taught a group of about 50 students and<br />

then spoke about my elementary school with a group<br />

of teachers. Both groups had enough English to make<br />

my presentati<strong>on</strong> more meaningful and three of my<br />

colleagues translated when needed.<br />

After lunch, we drove to the caves, which was about<br />

an hour’s trip. This gave me a chance to photograph<br />

some beautiful hollyhocks al<strong>on</strong>g the road: stalk up<strong>on</strong><br />

stalk of rosy reds and pinks with red centers and<br />

magentas in their glory.<br />

I envisi<strong>on</strong>ed the caves to be above ground as I have<br />

seen from the train window many times. But they are<br />

about twenty by twenty foot holes in the ground<br />

about twelve to fifteen feet deep. When you look into<br />

the hole you see four walls, each having two doors<br />

with three surrounding windows, and a center courtyard<br />

with a lower square level to catch rain water. You<br />

View into a cave courtyard<br />

must understand that the reddish brown soil in this part of <strong>China</strong> is almost as hard as rock, so there are no worries of it<br />

caving in. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> color of the earth is so lovely, like in our Southwest . . . a nutty tan.<br />

Now, how to get down to the caves <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> stairway, about ten feet away from the hole, is simply a l<strong>on</strong>g narrow, oval opening<br />

in the earth with <strong>on</strong>e layer of bricks surrounding it. One walks down the gently sloping, smooth rock steps, turns a little<br />

round corner and there you are in that courtyard looking up at the sky. It is quite amazing. Even more amazing is that these<br />

caves are about 400 years old and some are being lived in today.<br />

We toured some of them and saw very interesting daily life. An old blind woman sat <strong>on</strong> her bed with her legs folded under<br />

her and let me take her photo. Dogs and<br />

chickens roamed the courtyard. Corn husks<br />

were being dried to hold food while being<br />

cooked. Cooking pots were <strong>on</strong> the stove,<br />

etc.<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> whole house is in <strong>on</strong>e room which is<br />

about thirty feet by fifteen feet. As you enter<br />

the cool c<strong>on</strong>trasting 65 degree temperature<br />

hits you! <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>re is ample light near the door<br />

and three windows, but the further you walk<br />

in, the less light there is. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> ceiling is<br />

rounded. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>y do have electricity. Cooking<br />

shows black smoke stains <strong>on</strong> the earthen<br />

wall and there were no chimneys. Usually<br />

there were two beds in each and dressers<br />

and other furniture. Each set of eight caves<br />

plus its courtyard was used by <strong>on</strong>e extended<br />

family.<br />

Luoyang teacher colleagues Zhao Lili, Guo Limiao, and Li<br />

Caixia in the doorway of a cave dwelling<br />

29

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