Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation - Computer ...
Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation - Computer ...
Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation - Computer ...
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• In prokaryotes, mRNA produced by transcription is<br />
immediately translated without more processing<br />
• In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates<br />
transcription from translation<br />
• Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA<br />
processing to yield finished mRNA<br />
• A primary transcript is the initial RNA transcript from any<br />
gene<br />
• The central dogma is the concept that cells are governed<br />
by a cellular chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>: DNA → RNA → protein<br />
• Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA<br />
processing to yield finished mRNA<br />
TRANSCRIPTION<br />
TRANSLATION<br />
Polypeptide<br />
DNA<br />
mRNA<br />
Ribosome<br />
a) Bacterial cell. In a bacterial cell which<br />
lacks a nucleus, mRNA produced by<br />
transcription is immediately translated<br />
without additional processing.<br />
(a) Bacterial cell<br />
TRANSCRIPTION<br />
DNA<br />
Nuclear<br />
envelope<br />
b) Eukaryotic cell. The nucleus provides a<br />
separate compartment for transcription.<br />
The original RNA transcript called pre<br />
mRNA is processed in various ways<br />
before leaving the nucleus as mRNA.<br />
RNA PROCESSING<br />
Pre-mRNA<br />
mRNA<br />
TRANSLATION Ribosome<br />
Polypeptide<br />
(b) Eukaryotic cell<br />
Overview: the roles <strong>of</strong> transcription <strong>and</strong><br />
translation in the flow <strong>of</strong> genetic<br />
information. In a cell inherited information<br />
flows from DNA to RNA to protein. The<br />
two main stages <strong>of</strong> information flow are<br />
transcription <strong>and</strong> translation.
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