Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation - Computer ...

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Chemical Modifications Methylation of DNA can inactivate genes Acetylation of histones allows DNA unpacking and transcription Methylation of histone or of DNA usually turns a gene off. Acetylation of histone usually turns a gene on.
Epigenetic Inheritance Although the chromatin modifications just discussed do not alter DNA sequence, they may be passed to future generations of cells The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence is called epigenetic inheritance Regulation of Transcription Initiation Chromatin-modifying enzymes provide initial control of gene expression by making a region of DNA either more or less able to bind the transcription machinery
Page 1 and 2: The Flow of Genetic Information Th
Page 3 and 4: TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA (a) Bacteria
Page 5 and 6: The Genetic Code How are the instr
Page 7 and 8: Cracking the Code All 64 codons we
Page 9 and 10: Molecular Components of Transcripti
Page 11 and 12: RNA Polymerase Binding and Initiati
Page 13 and 14: Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after t
Page 15 and 16: 5′ Exon Intron Exon Intron Pre-mR
Page 17 and 18: The Functional and Evolutionary Imp
Page 19 and 20: Polypeptide Trp Phe Ribosome Amino
Page 21 and 22: Amino acid P P P ATP Adenosine Amin
Page 23 and 24: Building a Polypeptide The three s
Page 25 and 26: The elongation cycle of translation
Page 27 and 28: Growing polypeptides Completed poly
Page 29 and 30: Polypeptide synthesis always begins
Page 31 and 32: Type of RNA Small nucleolar RNA (sn
Page 33 and 34: RNA polymerase RNA polymerase Polyr
Page 35 and 36: Individual bacteria respond to envi
Page 37 and 38: Eukaryotic gene expression can be r
Page 39 and 40: CYTOPLASM mRNA in cytoplasm Degrada
Page 41: Histone tails DNA double helix Amin
Page 45 and 46: The Roles of Transcription Factors
Page 47 and 48: Mechanisms of Post-Transcriptional
Page 49 and 50: Initiation of Translation The init
Page 51 and 52: Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles
Page 53: Chromatin Remodeling and Silencing

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