Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation - Computer ...

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• In prokaryotes, mRNA produced by transcription is immediately translated without more processing • In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield finished mRNA • A primary transcript is the initial RNA transcript from any gene • The central dogma is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: DNA → RNA → protein • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield finished mRNA TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION Polypeptide DNA mRNA Ribosome a) Bacterial cell. In a bacterial cell which lacks a nucleus, mRNA produced by transcription is immediately translated without additional processing. (a) Bacterial cell TRANSCRIPTION DNA Nuclear envelope b) Eukaryotic cell. The nucleus provides a separate compartment for transcription. The original RNA transcript called pre mRNA is processed in various ways before leaving the nucleus as mRNA. RNA PROCESSING Pre-mRNA mRNA TRANSLATION Ribosome Polypeptide (b) Eukaryotic cell Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information. In a cell inherited information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. The two main stages of information flow are transcription and translation.
TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA (a) Bacterial cell TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION Polypeptide DNA mRNA Ribosome Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION DNA Pre-mRNA (b) Eukaryotic cell
Page 1: The Flow of Genetic Information Th
Page 5 and 6: The Genetic Code How are the instr
Page 7 and 8: Cracking the Code All 64 codons we
Page 9 and 10: Molecular Components of Transcripti
Page 11 and 12: RNA Polymerase Binding and Initiati
Page 13 and 14: Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after t
Page 15 and 16: 5′ Exon Intron Exon Intron Pre-mR
Page 17 and 18: The Functional and Evolutionary Imp
Page 19 and 20: Polypeptide Trp Phe Ribosome Amino
Page 21 and 22: Amino acid P P P ATP Adenosine Amin
Page 23 and 24: Building a Polypeptide The three s
Page 25 and 26: The elongation cycle of translation
Page 27 and 28: Growing polypeptides Completed poly
Page 29 and 30: Polypeptide synthesis always begins
Page 31 and 32: Type of RNA Small nucleolar RNA (sn
Page 33 and 34: RNA polymerase RNA polymerase Polyr
Page 35 and 36: Individual bacteria respond to envi
Page 37 and 38: Eukaryotic gene expression can be r
Page 39 and 40: CYTOPLASM mRNA in cytoplasm Degrada
Page 41 and 42: Histone tails DNA double helix Amin
Page 43 and 44: Epigenetic Inheritance Although th
Page 45 and 46: The Roles of Transcription Factors
Page 47 and 48: Mechanisms of Post-Transcriptional
Page 49 and 50: Initiation of Translation The init
Page 51 and 52: Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles
Page 53:
Chromatin Remodeling and Silencing
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Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation - Computer ...

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