PASS Scripta Varia 21 - Pontifical Academy of Sciences

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ANDRZEJ SZCZEKLIK Figure 2. The Vane Bioassay cascade. The effluent from challenged lungs superfuses strips of various experimental organs. The registration system records contraction of rat colon and relaxation of rabbit coeliac artery. Figure 3. A slide presented by Sir John Vane during his Nobel Lecture in Stockholm 1982 shows set of ‘fingerprints’ for various biologically active compounds as they are registered in the bioassay cascade. (Adr = Adrenaline, Nor = noradrenaline, Ang II = angiotensin, BK = bradykinin). 276 The Scientific Legacy of the 20 th Century
DISCOVERY OF THE DEFENSIVE SYSTEM OF THE ENDOTHELIUM, THE LINING OF THE ARTERIAL WALL Figure 4. The crucial experiment showing generation of prostacyclin. that was unknown (Fig. 4). It was prostacyclin (PGI 2 ). In a series of quick, ingenious experiments Gryglewski and his colleagues provided proof of the existence of prostacyclin [9]. Early studies [10,11] demonstrated that low density lipoproteins (LDL) inhibit prostacyclin biosynthesis, while highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) exert an opposite, protective effect; results of these studies were later confirmed by several authors. A concept of inhibition of PGI 2 biosynthesis by lipid peroxides as a hypothetical step in development of atherosclerosis was proposed [12] (Fig. 5). The chemical structure of prostacyclin was determined shortly after its discovery, followed by successful chemical synthesis. Soon it was given to man. Ryszard Gryglewski and the author of this paper were the first men to receive intravenous infusions of prostacyclin in 1977. These exciting experiments on ourselves, full of unexpected adventures, have been described [13]. Having established the safety of the procedure on ourselves and colleagues from our Department, we continued the observations on the action of prostacyclin on the volunteers, both healthy and patients. By the end of 1979 over 70 subjects had received PGI 2 either intravenously or by inhalation. These studies led to the following conclusions on the actions of prostacyclin in man: 1. PGI 2 , administered either i.v. or by inhalation, exerted powerful antiplatelet effects. It prolonged bleeding time, suppressed platelet aggrega- The Scientific Legacy of the 20 th Century 277
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PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM A
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Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm A
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Certainly the Church acknowledges t
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The Scientific Legacy of the 20 th
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Contents Prologue Werner Arber.....
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CONTENTS Transgenic Crops and the F
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Word of Welcome Dear Participants,
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PROGRAMME Friday, 29 October 2010
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PROGRAMME Sunday, 31 October 2010
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List of Participants Prof. Werner A
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Address to the Holy Father 28 Octob
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Address of His Holiness Benedict XV
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Commemorations of Deceased Academic
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COMMEMORATIONS OF DECEASED ACADEMIC
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Self-presentation of the New Academ
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SELF-PRESENTATION OF THE NEW ACADEM
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SELF-PRESENTATION OF THE NEW ACADEM
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THE PIUS XI MEDAL AWARD group has p
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PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENC
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Scientific Papers SESSION I: ASTROP
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LUCIA MELLONI & WOLF SINGER cogniti
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LUCIA MELLONI & WOLF SINGER feature
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LUCIA MELLONI & WOLF SINGER informa
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LUCIA MELLONI & WOLF SINGER to each
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LUCIA MELLONI & WOLF SINGER relatio
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LUCIA MELLONI & WOLF SINGER pirical
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Great Discoveries Made by Radio Ast
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GOVIND SWARUP pioneering observatio
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GOVIND SWARUP 3.2. Quasars (QSO) 3C
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GOVIND SWARUP Figure 2. The sketch
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GOVIND SWARUP and therefore gave st
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GOVIND SWARUP number of spiral gala
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GOVIND SWARUP 9. Radio Telescopes I
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GOVIND SWARUP ments indicate that t
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SESSION II: PHYSICS
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI b l r e pendix 2)
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI I have included t
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI I will only discu
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI THE INCREDIBLE ST
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI Figure 10 illustr
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI Figure 14a. Figur
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI Figure 15a. Figur
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI Figure 17. 4. Con
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI APPENDIX 1 Atheis
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI When this happens
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI Were it not for G
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI Figure 21. APPEND
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI ence, there is ne
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI like. And the two
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI For example the m
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI APPENDIX 6 If Our
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI 6.4. Humanistic C
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI guments with bibl
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI References 1. ‘
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ANTONINO ZICHICHI national Conferen
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The Emergence of Order WALTER THIRR
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WALTER THIRRING Such a behaviour ca
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CHARLES H. TOWNES wanted to do phys
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CHARLES H. TOWNES oscillation was a
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CHARLES H. TOWNES Well, now we were
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CHARLES H. TOWNES of the applicatio
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SESSION III: EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
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MEGAN KONAR, IGNACIO RODRÍGUEZ-ITU
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JEAN-MICHEL MALDAMÉ which belong t
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JEAN-MICHEL MALDAMÉ There have bee
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JEAN-MICHEL MALDAMÉ mankind into t
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JEAN-MICHEL MALDAMÉ closer to him,
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JEAN-MICHEL MALDAMÉ tion’ to des
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JEAN-MICHEL MALDAMÉ The philosophe
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ENRICO BERTI the eggs, but simply n
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ENRICO BERTI in ages dominated by a
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ENRICO BERTI not as a ‘genetic vi
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The Evolutionary Lottery Christian
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THE EVOLUTIONARY LOTTERY itself as
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THE EVOLUTIONARY LOTTERY adaptation
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THE EVOLUTIONARY LOTTERY ago. Like
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THE EVOLUTIONARY LOTTERY increasing
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THERAPEUTIC VACCINES AGAINST CANCER
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The Evolving Concept of the Gene Ra
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THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF THE GENE th
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THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF THE GENE tu
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THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF THE GENE a
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THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF THE GENE Mo
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THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF THE GENE ph
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THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF THE GENE ta
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Molecular Darwinism and its Relevan
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MOLECULAR DARWINISM AND ITS RELEVAN
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MOLECULAR DARWINISM AND ITS RELEVAN
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Evo-Devo: the Merging of Evolutiona
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EVO-DEVO: THE MERGING OF EVOLUTIONA
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Page 313 and 314: Recent activities of the Pontifical
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STUDY WEEK ON ASTROBIOLOGY: SUMMARY
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REFLECTIONS ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC QUES
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How to Become Science The Case of C
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HOW TO BECOME SCIENCE - THE CASE OF
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TABLES • G. SWARUP Figure 1. A ra
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TABLES • A. ZICHICHI Figure 9. Th
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TABLES • A. ZICHICHI Figure 12. T
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TABLES • A. ZICHICHI Figure 22. T
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TABLES • M. KONAR, I. RODRÍGUEZ-
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TABLES • M. KONAR, I. RODRÍGUEZ-
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TABLES • I. POTRYKUS Figure 3. Fi
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TABLES • I. POTRYKUS Figure 7. Th
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TABLES • A. CIECHANOVER Figure 5:
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TABLES • A. CIECHANOVER Figure 7:
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PASS Scripta Varia 21 - Pontifical Academy of Sciences

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