Walking and Cycling International Literature Review - Department of ...

SECTION 3 HARD MEASURES
A review by Dumbaugh and Frank
(2007) found that while there are
gaps in the literature, sidewalks
and raised medians do decrease
incidence of pedestrian crashes
(but crosswalks did not). Low
traffi c speed has been found in
numerous studies to decrease
accidents, or at least their severity,
so traffi c calming mechanisms
may also be useful.
Figure 4: Facility types
SHARED FACILITIES WITH AUTOMOBILES
Type of facility
Roadways and
neighbourhood streets
Representative photograph
Overall, children walking to school
are affected both by the distance
to school and by their parents’
perceptions of safety (which
may be affected by physical
improvements such as sidewalks
but also traffi c volumes, the media,
etc.). While some perceptions are
based in important realities, others
may be altered by education
and programming—this includes
education for parents, for children,
and for motorists
Traffi c calming
Shared streets and
bicycle boulevards
Sendai, Japan
Taree, Australia
Canberra, Australia
Utrecht, Netherlands
Stockholm, Sweden
Berkeley, U.S.
Wide curb lanes
Tsukuba, Japan
Vallingby, Sweden
On-street bicycle
lanes—same direction
as traffi c
Davis, U.S.
Atlanta, U.S.
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