Production of BHD (Bio Hydrofined Diesel) with Improved Cold Flow ...

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Isomerized BHD BHD Density 15℃ g/cm3 0.781 0.783 Viscosity 30℃ mm2/s 3.9 4.1 Pour Point ℃ +5.0 +20.0 Cloud Point ℃ +4 +21 Cetane Number 90.3 101 3.4 Property of isomerized BHD-blended diesel oil The isomerized BHD described in Table 6 was blended with conventional diesel oil, and a variety of mixtures were evaluated. As shown in Table 7, the cold filter plug point (CFPP) of diesel oil containing isomerized BHD was lower than that of normal BHD, even when the isomerized BHD content is 20 vol%. Looking at the cetane index, isomerized BHD-blended diesel has a lower cetane index than normal BHD-blended diesel in the case of the 10 vol% blend. However, the blend containing 20 vol% isomerized BHD had a cetane index the same as that of the 10 vol% normal BHD blend. We found that a diesel oil which contains 20 vol% of isomerized BHD (isomerization ratio: 50%) would have properties as good or better than those of conventional diesel oil. Table 7 Properties of Isomerized BHD-Blended Diesel Oil Normal BHD 50% Isomerized BHD Conventional BHD Content 10vol% 10vol% 20vol% Diesel Fuel Density g/cm3 0.8103 0.8198 0.8140 0.8283 Viscosity mm2/s 2.828 3.330 3.250 3.254 Distillation T90 ℃ 326.0 330.0 324.5 337.5 CFPP ℃ -10 -14 -12 -9 Cetane index 62.0 58.2 61.3 58.1 4. CONSIDERATION Through the reaction experiments involving BHD isomerization, we were able to obtain isomerized BHD, and showed that the isomerization ratio can be controlled over a wide range through careful selection of the catalysts and reaction conditions. In BHD isomerization, the cracking reaction occurs as a sub reaction. It is important to select a catalyst system and reaction conditions that minimize cracking, while staying within a range in which the isomerization ratio is sufficient. Isomerization improved the cold flow properties of BHD, and expanded the range of usable BHD blend ratios. One of the advantages of BHD is a high cetane number. Isomerization does not cause a major decline in cetane number, meaning that isomerized BHD still has the same advantage. Palm oil and other vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, corn, etc.) are used as cooking oils all over the world. If these oils are to be used for automotive fuels, it will probably not happen by getting people to use less for cooking. And if we simply increase cultivation, there is a risk of serious environmental destruction. We need to thoroughly consider how sources of raw materials can be
secured, also looking at the use of non-edible vegetable oils such as Jatropha oil and algae oil. 5. CONCLUSION In our study of BHD production (hydrogenation of palm oil) and BHD isomerization, the following things became clear. a) By hydrogenating palm oil, it is possible to obtain from vegetable oil a hydrocarbon nearly equal in many respects to conventional diesel oil. b) BHD is a straight chain hydrocarbon derived from the alkyl chains of the vegetable oil. c) BHD has higher oxidation stability than FAME. d) A 14,000 km test run using an actual vehicle car was conducted using diesel oil which contained 10% BHD. e) It is possible to produce isomerized BHD whose iso-paraffin content is controllable. f) Isomerization greatly improved the cold flow properties of BHD. g) BHD isomerization increases the range of usable blend ratios for BHD with diesel oil. h) A diesel oil containing 20% isomerized BHD shows properties nearly the same as those of conventional diesel oil. 6. REFERENCE 1) "Verification Test of Bio Hydrofined Diesel by Tokyo City Hybrid Bus" JSAE 20085928
Page 1 and 2: Production of BHD (Bio Hydrofined D
Page 3 and 4: 100 Component Ratio ,% 80 60 40 20
Page 5 and 6: Acid Number (before test) Acid Numb
Page 7: Cracking Ratio, mass% 40 35 30 25 2

Production of BHD (Bio Hydrofined Diesel) with Improved Cold Flow ...

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