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TACTICAL THOUGHT 2014 September 29 th Overview of commonly described characteristics of Regular and Irregular Warfare Warfare form Regular Warfare Irregular Warfare Aspects Dominant Actors State actors. Non/Sub-state actors. Strategy Military victory, enemy defeat/destruction. Political victory, people’s support, enemy exhaustion. Operational design Joint military operations. Different operational concepts of subversion, guerrilla/terrorist and local/regional forces up to Regular Warfare structures (ground forces). Tactics Direct approach, to control physical terrain. Indirect approach, to control people’s minds and political ambitions. Time Strive for short duration. Accept protracted war/campaign. Conceptual factors Overt, uniformed structures and operations, static concepts, separate from civilian functions. Overt, covert and clandestine structures and operations, dynamic, adaptable and fluid concepts, integrating civilian functions. Physical factors Moral factors Military strengths. Anti-subversive weaknesses. Exclude people’s will in the fighting structures. Military weaknesses. Subversive strengths. Integrates people’s will in the fighting and supporting structures. Rules of Law and Engagement Following western society norms, laws and conventions. Figure 37. Appendix 1. Overview of characteristics of Regular and Irregular Warfare. Does not follow western society norms, laws, conventions or moral, ethical standards. 75
TACTICAL THOUGHT 2014 September 29 th Generic aspects of Irregular Warfare According to the findings, it is possible to generalize aspects in a non-specific perspective. Generic aspects that are attributed to, and commonly understood connected to the field of Irregular Warfare and related areas, are the following; Contextual and Conceptual aspects Influencing one’s own people for support is vital Influencing the people of the opponents is crucial today Propaganda of the deed is very important Ability to perform various tactics as well as operational art are essential to be able to adapt to the opponents’ strategy Strategy and tactics are often very closely linked from the highest to the lowest level Capability within the same organisation to use the whole range of non-violence to violence, overt or covert/clandestine and armed influence on the opponent. Integrate civilian / military aspects and activities Integrate all forms of influences (passive-active) violent (armed, sabotage, terrorism) and non-violent Limited capability to influence regular military in direct confrontation (indirect strategy, military strategy, operational art and tactics) Parallel use of subversion, Guerrilla Warfare, terrorism and different levels of ground operations Conceptually high adaption to the society and opponent Strategy of attrition and transforming/changing centres of gravity The will or “the idea” is the driving force (moral force and not physical force) Tactical aspects Small groups operating dispersed Operating over large areas Hit-and-run attacks/ambushes Only attacking weak points Avoiding combat unless on own terms Sabotage actions and terrorism Civilian support (for control / indoctrination) Close relations between warfare and politics must be understood down to soldier level Covert, clandestine, low visibility capabilities Mobility Light armament Difficult terrain Surprise and high tactical adaption capability Great demands on low ranking officers Smaller formations with coordination to larger operations Support of the people Sustainability for long periods 76
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