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TACTICAL THOUGHT 2014 September 29 th The Swedish view mostly exemplifies military operations supporting civilian efforts within a traditional Regular Warfare manoeuvre concept, however, developed mainly with a defensive stabilizing approach. Question 6: What characterizes the description of how the military operations are to be carried out Summary answer Canada; descriptions are based on capabilities for variations of defensive, offensive and stability operations/tasks, starting with the first. The ability to balance so-called Full Spectrum Operations is viewed necessary. 621 The Clear-Hold- Build concept is not mentioned. Military operations are clearly described as "comprehensive" and part of a "Comprehensive Approach". Clear descriptions of meaning for tactical ability are described. 622 Host country strategy will be supported, legal conditions are emphasized and operations are built from below with a focus on people and different forms of attacking insurgents, thereafter physical separation, intellectual and moral separation, neutralization. Manoeuvre and indirect intervention are clearly advocated. Military capabilities are not solely believed to be able to destroy the Insurgency. 623 Requirements for minor and larger operations are clearly described. 624 Summary answer Britain; descriptions are based on how military operations will be carried out founded on the ten principles of Counterinsurgency with a description of a number of paradoxes from the U.S. FM 3-24 from 2007 625 . The framework "Shape- Secure-Develop" is described by a "Joint, Operational Level of approach", where the "transition" (transfer of responsibility for security to the host country's resources) is clearly described as being a vital objective and activity to be achieved. Clear-Hold- Build operations are described as part of the overall security efforts for specifically high priority areas exposed to insurgent operations 626 . The Clear-Hold-Build concept is problematized through the description of a number of conditions that need to be considered. 627 Each part of the Clear-Hold-Build concept is described clearly and with practical examples. The meaning of ”Info Ops Messages” in every action is described lucidly. 628 Three types of approaches are described; Indirect (mainly Special Forces and Intelligence), Direct (military forces, also host nation forces) and, Balanced (combined military, political and economic measures) 629 . Methods, means and basic implementation are fully described generically (e.g. in text, image, and checklists in detail for Urban Strike Operations). Strike operations are considered to often need specially trained personnel. 621 Counter-Insurgency Operations (2008), Section 528. 622 Ibid. p. 30. figure 1-3. Tactical Activities and Tasks 623 Counter-Insurgency Operations (2008), p. 80. section 310. 624 Ibid. section 6-12 – 16. 625 British Army Field Manual Volume 1 Part 10 Countering Insurgency (2009), Chapter 3. 626 Ibid. Section 4-14. 627 Ibid. Section 4-35. 628 British Army Field Manual Volume 1 Part 10 Countering Insurgency (2009). Section 4-20. 629 Ibid. Section 1-1.5 8
TACTICAL THOUGHT 2014 September 29 th "Detention Operations" are described in detail. The division of offensive, respectively defensive operations is not mentioned; only small-scale attack operations are described. Special Forces operations, larger Air Operations and relatively limited naval activities are described. 630 Summary answer U.S.; descriptions of how the military operations are to be carried out are based on the Clear-Hold-Build concept, with different variations of offensive, defensive, and stability tasks. Each part of the Clear-Hold-Build concept is described clearly and with practical examples, however, often with a less tactical but considerably more combat technical character. Summary answer France: The focus is described in the context of the so-called “Global Manoeuvre”, where the population is in the centre against the "anti-organizational forces", which indiscriminately use guerrilla tactics and terrorism. 631 The aim is to neutralize organizations using armed violence in the form of Guerrilla Warfare and terror and the emphasis is on people and controlling the environment. 632 The activities focus on preserving the security in physical areas and dismantling the insurgency organization. 633 The main concept is to establish security for the population in some areas. Here, "General protection" with a quick "intervention plan" is established, which can be complemented by training local security resources. There is obvious emphasis on the activities of the people in secured areas, the Quadrillage system and "deterrent pressure" to take the initiative and disrupt / attack in the enemy's depth. Summary answer Sweden; The Field manual describes a tactical approach based on generic principles that more or less are supposed to be suitable in a Regular, as well as Irregular Warfare scenario. Combinations of assaults, defence and stabilizing methods are to be planned and executed. 634 The military function should support the civilian efforts and police work in a multifunctional operation. 635 The descriptions of stabilizing methods are mainly of a defensive character. Summary answers to question 6. The description of how military operations are supposed to be carried out varies. Canada's approach emphasizes the military's subordinate role in civil actions, implemented with variations of defensive, offensive and stability operations (fullspectrum operations with the so-called Comprehensive Operations). Larger and smaller operations are described, without connection to the Clear-Hold-Build concept. The British approach is based on the framework "Shape-Secure-Develop" and is described as a "Joint, Operational Level of Approach". 630 British Army Field Manual Volume 1 Part 10 Countering Insurgency (2009), Chapter 9. 631 Doctrine For Counterinsurgency At The Tactical Level (2010), p. 9. 632 Ibid. pp. 9-10. 633 Ibid. p. 24. 634 Markstridsreglemente, Manöverbataljon (MSR 6)[Field Manual for Ground Forces Manouver Battalion, preedition] (Stockholm: Försvarsmakten, förhandsutgåva, 2010), pp. 52-53. 635 Ibid. p. 53. 9
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