CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION - Reduplication

languages of the Philippine type.
2.6.2 Derivations
A short grammar sketch of Bikol
Every root of the language can appear with almost any derivation. This means that there are
no restrictions and no precategorizations with this respect. Cf. example (39) above, and the
following lists of derivations:
(40) haróng 'house'
mag-harong ka-harong-an ma- harong pag- harong etc.
BEG.AV-house NMLZ-house-NMLZ ST-house NMLZ-house
'build a house' 'living room' 'full of houses' 'the building of a house'
(41) babá' 'low'
mag-babá' ha-babá' ka-ba'b-án pag-babá' etc.
BEG.AV-low ST-low NMLZ-low-NMLZ NMLZ-run
'lower, get off, etc.' 'low' 'valley' 'lowness'
(42) dalágan 'speed'
mag-dalágan para-dalágan ma-dalagan pag-dalágan etc.
BEG.AV-run REP-run ST-run NMLZ-run
'run' 'runner' 'fast', 'the running'
Furthermore, no (derived) word form is specified for certain syntactic positions, at least for
predicate and argument.
(43) Dakul-ón na pag-kaón an h{in}andá' ni Máyor.
much-INT LK NMLZ-eat PB {BEG.UG}prepare ARG.PERS mayor
'Very much food was prepared by the mayor.'
[merr_asuwang]
In this sentence, a pag-derivation, which has clear nominal semantics, is found in predicate
position, while a TAM-derived word, with clear verbal semantics, takes a referential function.
(44) May sirá' na
EXIST fish LK
'There was flying fish.'
nag-la~láyog.
BEG.AV-IMPFV-fly
Here a TAM-derivation in used in modifier position (attributive function).
[paul's stories]
In the following sentence, the TAM-affixation can be found in the predicate (in predicative
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