Offender Management Community Scoping of London Gang ...

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formation of gangs and how this translates to London. It would appear that gang formation occurs in areas dominated by poverty and deprivation. Suttles (1968) and Whyte (1993) proposed that gangs were an integral part of the poor communities‟ structure rather than an outcome of its disorder whilst Wilson (1996) concluded that specific neighbourhoods suffering extreme deprivation were more likely to spawn, among other deviant behaviours, the rise of predatory groups like gangs. As can be seen from Figure 3.1 5 , the correlation between gang locations and levels of deprivation in London would highly support these ideas. All identified gang locations within London fall in government lower level super output areas which are amongst the 30% most deprived in England. The majority are amongst the most deprived 20%. Figure 3.1 Gang territories mapped against local indices of deprivation 5 Produced with the aid of MapInfo GIS, Ordnance Survey Maps and the Indices of Multiple Deprivation scores 2007 from http://www.statistics.gov.uk 16
The scores used to calculate deprivation in England are devised using data on income, employment, access to housing and services, education and crime. It was recognised in a Lambeth study, a borough with one of the highest numbers of gangs, in 2008 that in “multiply deprived neighbourhoods, children and young people, irrespective of individual and familial risk factors, are at heightened risk [of both] gang involvement and gang victimisation” (London Borough of Lambeth, 2008). Throughout London over the past 20 years, gangs have formed in deprived areas. In such deprived settings local residents are more likely to be excluded from mainstream society and less likely to have adequate access to legitimate opportunities such as educational or vocational programmes. London is a city of extreme social polarisation. There are many areas and streets where you can stand amongst the country‟s wealthiest and poorest simultaneously. Living in deprived areas of London whilst at the same time being in such close proximity to prosperity leads to an intense feeling of relative deprivation and a desire to consume at the level that is evident in the wealthiest areas of the city. As the “gap between rich and poor widens, for some members of the poorest communities this only seems achievable via illegal means” (Bowling, 1999, 537). 17
Page 1 and 2: Offender Management Community Scopi
Page 3 and 4: Authors Dr Alex Stevens Dr Polly Ra
Page 5 and 6: 4.2.4 Practice issues .............
Page 7 and 8: 2. Literature review on gangs in Br
Page 9 and 10: the term „gang‟ by police or th
Page 11 and 12: that they will mature out of, does
Page 13 and 14: 3. Dynamics and Drivers of Serious
Page 15: anymore. We are prepared to defend
Page 19 and 20: ecome involved with those who have
Page 21 and 22: Aside from intra-gang conflict the
Page 23 and 24: 3.3.6. Conflict amongst the age ran
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3.2: Typical age structure o
Page 27 and 28: murders in the future. There is no
Page 29 and 30: When a gang or a number of gang you
Page 31 and 32: ‣ Inter-gang violence. Conflict i
Page 33 and 34: Organised K-Town Black Lambeth Crim
Page 35 and 36: The most significant differences in
Page 37 and 38: The exception was HMP Belmarsh whic
Page 39 and 40: associated with certain Further Edu
Page 41 and 42: of placing rival group members toge
Page 43 and 44: 5. Offender Management Models 5.1 H
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5.2: The multi-agency model
Page 47 and 48: The potential disadvantages are:
Page 49 and 50: 7. References Aldridge, J., & Medin

Offender Management Community Scoping of London Gang ...

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