Offender Management Community Scoping of London Gang ...

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away from the olders and elders. Many olders recognize that gang members in prison will group together with their own borough or side of London irrespective of street conflicts (i.e. as mentioned „Northern Liners‟, or for west and northwest London „Lifers‟) 26 . “It‟s like affiliation to the nearest large gang concept to promote borough or regional influence whilst inside”. 27 Conflict amongst gang members in prison and youth offending institutions however is said to be more common than building bridges, especially for south London gang members. Other factors influencing the spread of gangs are new communities (for example, refugees and immigrants from countries such as Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo). In 2007-08, nine teenagers from these two countries were murdered in London 28 . Many researchers have linked the study of gangs with immigration. However, our analysis (and that of researchers who have looked into this issue in Manchester and Glasgow) suggests that it is not ethnicity that defines gang membership. Rather, young men who grow up in the most deprived areas are those who are most likely to become involved in serious group offending. In London, these deprived areas have relatively high proportions of black, Asian and minority ethnic groups, with recent immigrants being housed in the most deprived areas. 3.3.8 Age structure of gangs Whilst the large majority of gangs are comprised of young people, there are members as young as 10 and as old as 40. Offending types differ among the ranks and the gangs. The diagram below shows the distribution, roles and typical offences of gang-related offenders by age. It is based on analysis of police recorded offending and reports from interviewees and other contributors to this research. It is indicative and does not mean, for example, that older gang members never get involved in fights. However, such conflicts are predominantly associated with teenage gang members. Those who have risen to the ranks of elders may have proved their commitment through such activities when they were youngers, but would now tend to concentrate on more profitable activities which have less chance of attracting police attention. 26 Information is reliant on just 8 older gang members from north London and three non-gang members who attended prisons who were aware of gangs being present within HMP. 27 Quote obtained from England Gang Forum restricted access area (not obtainable publicly as open source). All gang members spoken to who had served time in prison were supportive of this concept, although there were different circumstances. For example, whilst many north London gang members from various boroughs linked up members from south London boroughs of Lambeth, Lewisham and Southwark tended not to mix with out of borough gang members. 28 The list of teenage murder victims in 2007-8 from DR Congo and Somalia includes Henri Bolombi, Louis Boduka, Shaarmaake Hassan, Kodjo Yenga, Abukar Mahumud, Biendi Litembola, Nassirudeen Osawe, Fuad Buraleh, Oliver Kingonzila. Of these nine murders, six were reported by the press to have been gang-related. 24
Figure 3.2: Typical age structure of gangs in London 25
Page 1 and 2: Offender Management Community Scopi
Page 3 and 4: Authors Dr Alex Stevens Dr Polly Ra
Page 5 and 6: 4.2.4 Practice issues .............
Page 7 and 8: 2. Literature review on gangs in Br
Page 9 and 10: the term „gang‟ by police or th
Page 11 and 12: that they will mature out of, does
Page 13 and 14: 3. Dynamics and Drivers of Serious
Page 15 and 16: anymore. We are prepared to defend
Page 17 and 18: The scores used to calculate depriv
Page 19 and 20: ecome involved with those who have
Page 21 and 22: Aside from intra-gang conflict the
Page 23: 3.3.6. Conflict amongst the age ran
Page 27 and 28: murders in the future. There is no
Page 29 and 30: When a gang or a number of gang you
Page 31 and 32: ‣ Inter-gang violence. Conflict i
Page 33 and 34: Organised K-Town Black Lambeth Crim
Page 35 and 36: The most significant differences in
Page 37 and 38: The exception was HMP Belmarsh whic
Page 39 and 40: associated with certain Further Edu
Page 41 and 42: of placing rival group members toge
Page 43 and 44: 5. Offender Management Models 5.1 H
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5.2: The multi-agency model
Page 47 and 48: The potential disadvantages are:
Page 49 and 50: 7. References Aldridge, J., & Medin

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