Offender Management Community Scoping of London Gang ...

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Table of contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6 2. Literature review on gangs in Britain ........................................................................... 7 2.1 Recent trends .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Definitional Issues .................................................................................................. 8 2.3 The characteristics of the gang ............................................................................. 10 2.4 Intervening in gangs ............................................................................................. 10 3. Dynamics and Drivers of Serious Group Offending in London ................................. 13 3.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Factors underlying the formation of gangs in London ........................................ 14 3.2.1 The link between gang neighbourhoods and deprivation .............................. 15 3.3. The development of gangs in London ................................................................. 18 3.3.1 Gang culture, schools and colleges ............................................................... 18 3.3.2 Re-organisation of gangs into smaller units ................................................. 20 3.3.4 Economic changes and urban development .................................................. 21 3.3.5. Manipulation by older gang members of local youth ................................... 22 3.3.6. Conflict amongst the age ranks .................................................................... 23 3.3.7. Links built through the prison system .......................................................... 23 3.3.8 Age structure of gangs ................................................................................... 24 3.4 Changes in London gang culture in the recent past and implications for violent 26 3.4.1 Change in seriousness of conflict, triggers, and the age of those involved ... 26 3.4.2 Links between gangs formed over larger distances and how music groups aligned with the gangs can promote this ................................................................ 27 3.4.3 Mobile phones ............................................................................................... 27 3.4.4 Adoption of American gang cultural definers ............................................... 28 3.4.5 Use of weapons .............................................................................................. 28 3.5. London gang alliances ......................................................................................... 28 3.5.1 Alliances as a result of gangs combining against common enemies ............. 28 3.5.2 Alliances formed through friend and familial links with different gangs ..... 29 3.5.3 Alliances built through gang associated music crews and illegitimate business ................................................................................................................................ 29 3.6. Dynamics of Gang Rivalries................................................................................ 30 3.6.1 Reputational Violence ................................................................................... 31 3.6.2 Long-standing feuds and retaliatory violence ............................................... 31 Table 3.3: Gang Rivalries ........................................................................................... 32 4. Interviews and case studies......................................................................................... 34 4.1 Sample .................................................................................................................. 34 4.1.2 General Observations .................................................................................... 34 4.1.3 Unpaid Work ................................................................................................. 35 4.1.4 Community Supervision ................................................................................ 35 4.1.5 Prison based practitioners .............................................................................. 36 4.1.6 Practitioner Concerns .................................................................................... 37 4.2 Thematic issues to consider .................................................................................. 37 4.2.1 Communication ............................................................................................. 37 4.2.2 Multi-agency cooperation .............................................................................. 38 4.2.3 Health and Safety........................................................................................... 40
4.2.4 Practice issues ................................................................................................ 41 5. Offender Management Models ................................................................................... 43 5.1 Holistic management of serious group offenders ................................................. 43 Figure 5.1: The internal model of offender management ....................................... 44 Figure 5.2: The multi-agency model of offender management .............................. 45 Figure 5.3: The holistic model of offender management ....................................... 46 ........................................................................................................................................ 46 6. Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 48 ‣ 7. References .......................................................................................................... 49 5
Page 1 and 2: Offender Management Community Scopi
Page 3: Authors Dr Alex Stevens Dr Polly Ra
Page 7 and 8: 2. Literature review on gangs in Br
Page 9 and 10: the term „gang‟ by police or th
Page 11 and 12: that they will mature out of, does
Page 13 and 14: 3. Dynamics and Drivers of Serious
Page 15 and 16: anymore. We are prepared to defend
Page 17 and 18: The scores used to calculate depriv
Page 19 and 20: ecome involved with those who have
Page 21 and 22: Aside from intra-gang conflict the
Page 23 and 24: 3.3.6. Conflict amongst the age ran
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3.2: Typical age structure o
Page 27 and 28: murders in the future. There is no
Page 29 and 30: When a gang or a number of gang you
Page 31 and 32: ‣ Inter-gang violence. Conflict i
Page 33 and 34: Organised K-Town Black Lambeth Crim
Page 35 and 36: The most significant differences in
Page 37 and 38: The exception was HMP Belmarsh whic
Page 39 and 40: associated with certain Further Edu
Page 41 and 42: of placing rival group members toge
Page 43 and 44: 5. Offender Management Models 5.1 H
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5.2: The multi-agency model
Page 47 and 48: The potential disadvantages are:
Page 49 and 50: 7. References Aldridge, J., & Medin

Offender Management Community Scoping of London Gang ...

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