the numerical sea ice forecast in finland in the winter 1993-94 ...

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22 Fig. 9..a)EEi:S-1 SAR image 05.03. 1994 off Mariehamn. Original data 0 ESA 1994, distributed t ‘YTroms0 Satellite Station. Fig. 9. b) The classification result. The light colour indicates open water. 5. CONCLUSIONS The Finnish Ice Service had the valuable contribution of FD ERS SAR images delitle.red fr‘om Tromsr 3, Norway. The images were delivered almost in real-time, which is very important c:oInsider.ing the ice serv ic:e’s activities of rapid ice information distribution to end-users. In the winter c,f 1993 the images were delivered in 24-48 hours, in the winter of 1994 1-5 hours. The analysis of the SAR images always contains some problems. However, the relatively stabile air temper. ature and especially the lack of high moisture mostly prevented the problems of 993,and
some 80 % of the images were free of interpretation problems. The real-time open water and ice discrimination classifier was tested. The classifier tumed out to be relatively robust and it could identify large open water and ice areas reliably. The automated detection of narrow leads failed often. A classifier to identify the deformed sea ice fields from ERS-1 SAR images has been developed. It Will be tested in the winter of 1994/95. 23 REFERENCES FM1 = Finnish Meteorologital Institute 1994: Pikatilastot. Helsinki. Grönvall, H. 1988: Finnish Ice Service. - Finnish Marine Research 256:95-110. Herland, E.-A., Seinä, A. & Leppäranta, M. 1994: ISY Real Time Ice Monitoring Demonstration in the Baltic Sea, Final Report, May 1994. - ESA Contact Report, ESA/ESTEC No. 125475. Leppäranta, M., Palosuo, E., Grönvall, H., Kalliosaari, S., Seinä, A. & Peltola, J., 1988: Phases of the ice season in the Baltic Sea. - Finnish Marine Research 254, Supplement 2: 1-83. Seinä, A. 1995: Ice seasons 1991-95 along the Finnish coast / Jäätalvet 1991-1995 Suomen merialueilla. - In print. Seinä, A. & Palosuo, E. 1993: Itämeren suurimpien vuotuisten jääpeitteen laajuuksien luokittelu 1720-1992. (Abstract: The classification of the maximum annual extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea 1720-1992). - Meri 20:5-20. Seinä, A. & Peltola, J. 1991: Duration of the ice season and statistics of fast ice thickness along the Finnish Coast. - Finnish Marine Research 258: 1-46. Seinä, A. & Grönvall, H. 1994: The Operational Mapping of Ice Conditions Using ERS-1 Images in the Baltic Sea. - Proceedings Setond ERS-1 Symposium - Space at the Service of our Environment, Hamburg, Germany, 11-14 October 1993 ESA SP-36 1 (January 1994): 369- 371. Similä, M. 1994a: Open water and sea ice discrimination from ERS-1 image by a two scale contextual classifier. (manuscript) Similä, M. 1994b: SAR image segmentation by a two scale contextual classifier. - In: Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing, Jacky Desachy, Editor: SPIE 2315, pp. 434-443, 1994. SMHI & FIMR = Swedish Meteorologital and Hydrologital Institute & Finnish Institute of Marine Research 1982: Climatological ice atlas for Baltic Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak and Lake Vänern (1963-1979), Norrköping: 1-220.
Page 1 and 2: MER1 - Report Series of the Finnish
Page 3 and 4: THE NUMERICAL SEA ICE FORECAST IN F
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Page 7 and 8: 8 v”biiRICAL SEA ICE REDICTION :Q
Page 9 and 10: 9 vu~i.,C;L SEA :CE QEDICflOX ,994
Page 11: 11 16.00 v, i 30.00 // [ j 25.00 il
Page 14 and 15: 14 considerably affect navigation -
Page 16 and 17: 16 The maximum fast ice thicknesses
Page 18 and 19: 18 finally undelined areas are area
Page 20 and 21: 20 To make the pixelwise decision a
Page 24 and 25: 24 Table 1. ERS-1 images and weathe
Page 26 and 27: 26 VO Date Image Area Station 6 3 O
Page 28 and 29: l0 Date Image Area 136 26,Mar ers-9
Page 30 and 31: 30 HJLU, VAASA, RAUMA, MAARIANHAMIN
Page 32 and 33: 32 Table 3. Ice and snow thickness
Page 34 and 35: 34 Date: 10.0 1.1994 09:48 UTC Imag
Page 36 and 37: 36 Date: 09.02.1994 09:48 UTC Image
Page 38 and 39: 38 Obscurity: No. Date: 12.02.1994
Page 40 and 41: 40 Ice types in the image: Leve1 ic
Page 42 and 43: 42 Area: Off Kaskinen Ice thickness
Page 46 and 47: 46 Image: ers940304-a7 Area: Off Pi
Page 48 and 49: 48 Ice types in the image: Fast ice
Page 52 and 53: 52 Verification: Fast ice is visibl
Page 54 and 55: 54 Ice types in the image: Fast ice
Page 56 and 57: 56 Verification: Very good even in
Page 60 and 61: 60 Area: Off Kaskinen Ice thickness
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