SG (Slot)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table of Contents Section 1. Soil Related Constraints to Crop Reduction Degradation of Physical Soil Fertility Under Oil Palm in Humid Tropical Regions. Correction Technique. J.P. CaJinlan, J. Concaret, J. Olivin and F. Dufour ..................................................................... ,, ................................. 3 A Comparison of the Effect ot Two Placement Methods of Potassium on the Yield of Soybean and Maize in Stuttgart Hoben helm, Federal Republic of Germany and Ibadan, Nigeria. A. 0. Adetoro .............................. 14 Tillage Methods In Salt Affected Soils In SW Spain. F. Moreno, L. Andren, J. Martin·Aranda and J. V. Giraldez .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Mechanical and Chemical Factors Limiting Rooting Depth of Wheat in a Semi-Arid Environment. R. E. Holloway, A.M. Alston and A. R. Dexter ..................................................................................................................... 26 Gypsum and Lime <strong>Slot</strong>ting-A New Deep TJUage Technique for Improved Crop Production on Sodic and Acidic Soils. N. S.Jawardane, J. Blackwell, W. A. Muirhead, G. Kirchhofand R. E. Smart ............................... 34 Tillage Effects on SoU Properties and Yield or Corn and Soybean on a Compacted Soil in Western Ohio. R.l.al .............................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Section 2. Soli Chemical Properties Effects of Different Ttuage and Crop Residue Management Systems on Chemical Properties of an Alfisol. E.N.O. Iwuafor, B. T. Kang and I. F. Ike ....................................................................................................................... 53 Effects or Soil Management on Population Abundance and Biomass of Earthworms in a Semi-Arid Tropical Alrlsol. D. F. Yule, M. V. Reddy, V. R. Reddy,P.J. GwrgeandA. L. Cogle ............................................. 63 Effect.orTlllage and Cover Crop on Nitrogen Transformation in Soil and Growth or Corn. M.S. Maskina and J. F. Power .............................................................................................................................................................. , 72 Plant Nutrient Distribution and Uptake in No-Tillage Systems. D. J. Eckert .......................................................... 82 The Variation in Nitrogen Economy Under Different Soil Management Systems. M. J. Goss and K. R. Howse ................................................................................................................................................................... , 92 Crop Residue Decomposition Under Controlled and Field Conditions. W. L. Hargrove, P. B. Ford and Z. C. Somda .................................................................................................................................................................... 99 Denatlon Losses or Humus and Nutrients in the Subotica·Horgos Sands. L. Letic ............................................. , 109 Section 3. Soli Physical and Mechanical Properties Soil Physical Properties: Before and After Tillage. H. A. Rizvi ........................................................................... ,, 119 Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Physical Conditions and Yield of Deans in a Tropical Sandy Loam Soil. N. Hatlbu, B. Kayombo and T. E. Simalenga ...................................................................................................... 129 Comparison of Row-Tillage With No-Tillage and Manual Methods: Effect on Soil Properties and Cowpea. S, 0. Ojeniyi ................................................................................................................................................................. 141 Effect of Sugarcane Permanence Time Arter Tillage on Physical Properties or a Calcareous Irrigated Soll,J. Pinna C., M. Morales C., S. Valdivia V.,H. Aznanln D. and H. Tello A ....................................................... 147 Strength Properties and Age-Hardening or a Sandy Soil. J. J.H. van den Akker and M. Holtman ....................... 160 The Influence of the Way of Soils Utilization on Their Structure and Physical Properties. H. Domzal, ], Hodara, A. Slowinska-Jurkiewicz and R. Turski ...................................................................................................... 170 Soli Fracture Under Plastic Conditions. Y. Ou and R. J. Godwin ........................................................................... 176 Application orTDRwMiniprobes and Mlcro·Tenslometers in the Study or Soil Structure. C. H. Roth, R. Plagge and M. Renger .................................................................................................................................................. 186 Influence of tlie Shear Parameters: Angle of Internal Friction and Cohesion on the Predictability or Soil Strength. M.l.ebert ..................................................................................................................................................... 194 Structure Effect on Strength and Stress Distribution in Arable Soils. R. Horn .................................................... 204 Section 4. Soil Compaction Three Indices for Assessing Tillage-Induced Compaction in a Shallow Organic Soil. M. Bonsu ....................... 221 The Influence or Machine Traffic on Growth of Maize. F. G. Braide .................................................................... 229 The Influence of Tractor Traffic on Crop ProducUon in a Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria. J. 0. Ohu, 0. A. Folorunso and E. I. Ekwue ........................................................................................................................................... 238
Contents (continued) Subsoil Compaction Effects on Soil Structure and Yield of Maize on an Oxisol. B. Kayombo ........................... 247 Effect or Traffic Intensity on Soil Structure and Root Development in a Field Experiment on a Sandy Clay Loam in The Netherlands. C. van Ouwerkerk and M. van Noordwijk ............................................................ 253 Top Soil and Crop Responses to a Low Ground Pressure Farming System on a Marine Loam Soil in The Netherlands. G. D. Venneulen .................................................... , ............................................................................... 263 Subsequent Effect of Intensive Soil Compaction on Their Physical Properties and Plants Yield. H. Domzal, J.,Hodara and W. B. Bilanski .................................................................................................................... 272 Soil Strength as Influenced by Texture, Water Content and Soil Management. P. Schj0nning .......................... 277 Section 5. Soli Machinery An Evaluation or Direct Seeding Using Narrow Tine Shares or Dlsced No-Tillage Drills on Loamy and Clayey Soils in Western Australia. K. J. Bligh ......................................................................................................... 287 Cutting Edge Geometry and the Forces on Tillage Tools, J. M. Fielke, T. W. Riley and A. R. Dexter ................. 299 Break-Up of Heavy Clay Soli Layers by Linear Blasting, K. G. Araya, S. Tsunematsu, K. Ochi and R. Gao ....... 309 Research on Reducing the Slipping Resistance or Tillage Machine. Lao Quinye, Li Yi, Wang Junjie and Li Zhenyong ................................................................................................................................................................. 318 Influence or Furrow Press on Soil Physical Properties and Crop Yield. A. Etana and J.von Polgar .................... 327 Section 6. Farming Systems Conservation Tillage in the Humid Tropics or Peru. J. C. AJegre and D. K. Cassel .............................................. 335 Effect or Tillage Methods on Com Planted Arter Lowland Rainfed Rice in Rambatan, West Sumatra, Indonesia, I. H. Basri, N, Jalid, M. Ali and Erdiman .................................................................................................. 344 Land Preparation Techniques in South Pacific Agriculture, S. T. Willatt ............................................................ 352- ControJied Traffic and Direct Drilling to Improve Irrigated Row Crop Establishment In the Tropics. M. V. BraunackandJ. E. McPhee •............................................................................................................................... 362 Effect of Seedbed Preparation Method on Soil Properties and Crop Yield in a Rice Fallow or Southwestern Nigeria. N. R. Hu1ugalle, M. C. Palada and R. Carsky ..................................................................... 371 Tillage and Cropping Systems Effects on Crop Yields on a Southern Guinea Savanna Soil at Jlorin. Nigeria. R. Lal ....................................................................................................................................•......................... 384 Seedbed Preparation and Weed Control Technique Effects on Growth and Herbage Yield or Gliricidia in Panicum Pasture,]. Cobbins .................................................................................................................................. 394 Effects of Type orSeedbeed and Sesbania Sesban Mulch Placement in a Vertisol on the Yield or Maize. C. S. Kamara and I. Haque ······•···································································································································· 402 Adaptive N(}ooTiU Tied· Ridging Trials in SmaU-Scale Farming Areas of Zimbabwe. P. Gotora ......................... 410 Conservation Tillage ror Small-Scale Farming in Zimbabwe. H. Vogel ............................................................... 417 Fallowing Practices ror Efficient Water Storage and Use on a Typic Natrustalf in Southern Queensland AustraUa. B.J. Radford, G. Gibson, G. A. Thomas, R.G.H. Nielsen and G. D. Smith ......................... 427 Reseeding or Crimson Clover and Its Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain Yield in a Clover/Corn Relay lntercropping System.J.D.T. Kumwenda, D. E. Radcliffe, W. L. Hargrove and D. C. Bridges •........................................................................................................................................................ 433 Effects of Reduced Tillage on Ferrasol Rhodic on Maize and Soybean Grain Yield Obtained in the Region or Horro Alaltu, The Nekemte Province, Wollega, Ethiopia. I. Zugec,I. Juric, Z. Balentovic and T. Abrha ..........................•............................................................................................................................................. 443 Weed Rotation and Mechanical Control. R. Krause and C.·M. Ditgcs ................................... : ............................... 453 Section 7. Soli Erosion Possibilities or Soil Conservation by Means or Different Tillage Systems or Aerie Ferralsol or the Ethiopian Plateau. F. Basic, I. Salinovic,l. Basic, A. Kelkayyelah and A. Butorac ................................................................... 471- Soll Physical and Chemical Changes Due to Tillage and Their Implications to Erosion and Productivity. 1.1. Packer and G. J.llamilton ..................................................................................................................................... 481 Erosion and Yield Benefits From Ridge-Tillage Systems. L. C. Brown, L. D. Norton and R. C. Reeder .............. 499 Effectiveness or Manure Application in Restoring Productivity or Artificially Eroded Soils. A. R. Pesant and J. R. Vigneux ............•••••.....•.•••••••••.•.........•.••••....•••.•••••••••••••••.•..........•.••.............•••••••............•.•........•.•.................. 507
Page 2: These Proceedings are published by
Page 8: Section 1 Soil Related Constraints
Page 11 and 12: R ~Ax 1/E R ~ resistance (bar) E =
Page 13 and 14: CONCLUSION Under the conditions of
Page 15 and 16: Table 1: Variations in some plant p
Page 17 and 18: iG. 1.- Interrow penetrometry Resis
Page 19 and 20: Q 50 J :- ... 10Q,.L.......J. _____
Page 21 and 22: A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF TWO P
Page 23 and 24: In the two experiments conducted at
Page 25 and 26: R E F E R E N C E S l. Adetunji, S.
Page 27 and 28: Table Depth (em) 0-30 30-60 60-90 l
Page 29 and 30: Steenhuis, 1990). 2. 5-t----r-...--
Page 31 and 32: 50 50 a (a) ~ !i "' 0. 0. 2POO 015-
Page 33 and 34: MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS LIM
Page 35 and 36: The soils were packed to give bulk
Page 37 and 38: soil at sowing was no longer presen
Page 39 and 40: 0.0 0.1 Penetrometer resistance (MP
Page 41 and 42: Abstract GYPSUM AND LIME SLOTTING-
Page 43 and 44: (Jayawardane and Blackwell 1985). G
Page 45 and 46: Control Depth 0·10 m 0·20m Slotte
Page 47 and 48: Table 4. Comparison of yields betwe
Page 49 and 50: 'E' ~ ~ "0 " exchangeable Co [ppm]
Page 51 and 52: TILLAGE EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES
Page 53 and 54:
Table3 Penetration resistance (kgfc
Page 55 and 56:
Table 7. Root length density (m/m')
Page 57 and 58:
REFERENCES Bohm, W ., 1979. Ecologi
Page 60 and 61:
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE AND CR
Page 62 and 63:
this paper. Soil Organic Natter At
Page 64 and 65:
REFERENCES Agboola, A.A. 1981. The
Page 66 and 67:
Table II. Tillage and residue manag
Page 68 and 69:
Table vr. Effect of crop r·esidue
Page 70 and 71:
EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON POPUL
Page 72 and 73:
to 14 days, a second t i 11 age is
Page 74 and 75:
FHw si gni ·F i cant r·esponses i
Page 76 and 77:
Blevins, R.L., Thomas, G.W., S~ith,
Page 79 and 80:
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND COVER CROP ON
Page 81 and 82:
leaf stages, but these differences
Page 83 and 84:
surface soil of N treated plots det
Page 85 and 86:
Moschler, w.w., Shear, G.M., Marten
Page 87 and 88:
TABLE 2. Effect of winter legume on
Page 89 and 90:
PLANT NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION AND UPT
Page 91 and 92:
maintain sufficient root growth for
Page 93 and 94:
agricultural soils can be accelerat
Page 95 and 96:
steps are those which m1n1m1ze cont
Page 97 and 98:
Eckert, D.J. 1991. Chemical attribu
Page 99 and 100:
THE VARIATION IN NITROGEN ECONOMY U
Page 101 and 102:
Grain and Immobilization 68 Inorgan
Page 103 and 104:
ploughed (Fig.2). More nitrogen ret
Page 105 and 106:
GOSS, M,J, 1 HOWSE, K.R. 1 COLBOURN
Page 107 and 108:
Initial residue quality also plays
Page 109 and 110:
ate as decomposition proceeds was p
Page 111 and 112:
Table 1. Initial crop residue chara
Page 113 and 114:
Table 3. Nitrogen mineralization/im
Page 115 and 116:
0 ~ ,_..,_ ~ ............ 150 (.!)
Page 117 and 118:
Fig. 1 Experimental wind-gage stati
Page 119 and 120:
~ Table 1. Humus and total nitrogen
Page 121 and 122:
Readily available phosphorus conten
Page 123 and 124:
116
Page 125 and 126:
118
Page 127 and 128:
esearch is the measurement of soil
Page 129 and 130:
at different depths. The tillage op
Page 131 and 132:
REFERENCES Agro-ecological Regions
Page 133 and 134:
Table 3. Comparison of bulk density
Page 135 and 136:
PAKISTAN AGRO ECOLOGICAL REGIONS SC
Page 137 and 138:
attention, therefore, needs to be p
Page 139 and 140:
4. Results and Discussion 4.1 Soil
Page 141 and 142:
Table 3(a) : Variation of Soil cone
Page 143 and 144:
~80 ~ " '""' 0 :II ~0 Fig .1: Effec
Page 145 and 146:
Letters a d denote significance at
Page 147 and 148:
Jackson, I.J., 1989. Climate, Water
Page 149 and 150:
MATERIALS AND M~THODS Two experimen
Page 151 and 152:
Table II: Effect of preclearing til
Page 153 and 154:
REFERENCE:S Aina P,O,, Fapohunda 1
Page 155 and 156:
Lack of rains and poor development
Page 157 and 158:
measures of the three replications
Page 159 and 160:
.. ::j'"\. //--. ~ '\ I pta 'v lo30
Page 161 and 162:
6. Cutino, R. y M. Morales (1978).
Page 163 and 164:
(D (/JCI..AY S ll.T SAND TEXTURAl.
Page 165 and 166:
::;; ~ (,) ~ j 1.4 BULK DENSITY lS-
Page 167 and 168:
STRENGTH PROPERTIES AND AGE-HARDENI
Page 169 and 170:
particle surface towards the region
Page 171 and 172:
The cohesion C is called the appare
Page 173 and 174:
and the true cohesion C' in tirre o
Page 175 and 176:
maximum Sl in the test series U10-3
Page 177 and 178:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAY OF SOILS U
Page 179 and 180:
Basic physical properties including
Page 181 and 182:
Soil Utilization Genetic Horizons D
Page 183 and 184:
SOIL FRACTURE UNDER PLASTIC CONDITI
Page 185 and 186:
Table.1 The mechanical propertie~ o
Page 187 and 188:
M.C. =50% Force (N) 40 ~gu 30 20 10
Page 189 and 190:
2 3 4 5 6 1. Hydraulic motor 2. Too
Page 191 and 192:
Tangential force(N) 400 300 200 •
Page 193 and 194:
APPLICATION OF TDR-MINIPROBES AND M
Page 195 and 196:
~-~~~-~~~--- of TDR) will be given
Page 197 and 198:
700 600 (ij' 0... 500 E. (ij "" c Q
Page 199 and 200:
101 • E horizon • ~ 0 'o * E .
Page 201 and 202:
INFLUENCE OF THE.SHEAR PARAMETERS:
Page 203 and 204:
RESULTS .., 0 'l:l f "" ~ 1.50 1.00
Page 205 and 206:
- bulk density air capacity availab
Page 207 and 208:
Table 3: Angle of internal friction
Page 209 and 210:
Table 4: Mean single aggregate stre
Page 211 and 212:
STRUCTURE EFFECT ON STRENGTH AND ST
Page 213 and 214:
5) the bulk density, pore size dist
Page 215 and 216:
a second), while those differences
Page 217 and 218:
' ' ' ' ' ·.. ·. wheel~fro~t rear
Page 219 and 220:
slow (;:a0.83mls) fast {=2.18mls) \
Page 221 and 222:
For arable soils Eq. [1] becomes [
Page 223 and 224:
From fig. 7 it can also be derived
Page 225 and 226:
physical properties in an ameliorat
Page 227 and 228:
220
Page 229 and 230:
The soil consists of well-decompose
Page 231 and 232:
on arable soil. The weight of the t
Page 233 and 234:
0 PENETRATION RESISTANCE ( k Po) 60
Page 235 and 236:
WATER CONTENT ( ml ,.-3) 00 r------
Page 237 and 238:
three different tillage treatments
Page 239 and 240:
3.4 Plant Height The progressive he
Page 241 and 242:
L---[ ..._____! !~.--- 0 -----l. I
Page 243 and 244:
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 0 '\ ~ 11 1~ 1
Page 245 and 246:
THE INFLUENCE OF TRACTOR TRAFFIC ON
Page 247 and 248:
after compaction was 1,40 Mgm- 3 in
Page 249 and 250:
the nodulating micro-organisms (Fol
Page 251 and 252:
REfERENCES ASAE 1 1984. Am. Soc. Ag
Page 253 and 254:
Table 1. Mean values 1 of dry bulk
Page 255 and 256:
The objective of this report is to
Page 257 and 258:
TABLE II Effect of wheel traffic ap
Page 259 and 260:
REFERENCES Bennie, A.T.P. and Botha
Page 261 and 262:
METHODS Layout of the experiment In
Page 263 and 264:
in this layer, within blocks A, B a
Page 265 and 266:
TABLE 3 Penetration resistance (MPa
Page 267 and 268:
00 O£PTH (CIJ) SPRING WHEAT 20 40
Page 269 and 270:
(4) On fine-textured soil (block D)
Page 271 and 272:
Table 1: Average tyre-soil contact
Page 273 and 274:
Potatoes and onions were graded and
Page 275 and 276:
seedbed preparation harvest of root
Page 277 and 278:
pressure and Zero-traffic for potat
Page 279 and 280:
SUBSEQUENT EFFECT OF INTENSIVE SOIL
Page 281 and 282:
tractor. On the plot compacted with
Page 283 and 284:
REFERENCES Blackwell, P.S., Graham,
Page 285 and 286:
Table 1. Soli type (USDA Soli Taxon
Page 287 and 288:
Notice that the soil cohesion estim
Page 289 and 290:
120 100 0 100 80 ® 60 80 40 60 20
Page 291 and 292:
284
Page 293 and 294:
286
Page 295 and 296:
previously been considered a viable
Page 297 and 298:
Table 1. Crop establishment and yie
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
The Cross-Slot® opener (Baker and
Page 305 and 306:
Appendix I 1 Trial sites, locations
Page 307 and 308:
Angle of Underside Clearance (AUC}
Page 309 and 310:
THE TEST SITES The tests were condu
Page 311 and 312:
2200 1200 2000 ~ 1000 3 ..-.1800 80
Page 313 and 314:
TILLAGE TEST TRACK -10 2200 2000 ..
Page 315 and 316:
CONCLUSIONS The results of all the
Page 317 and 318:
explosives would have double impuls
Page 319 and 320:
in Fig,1. Typical soil sections aft
Page 321 and 322:
l =coefficient of charging density~
Page 323 and 324:
l"'t .• = 0.7 m. J..z" can be obt
Page 325 and 326:
RESEARCH ON REDUCING THE SLIPPING R
Page 327 and 328:
Table l,The table of the mechanical
Page 329 and 330:
The higher the twigs are,the less t
Page 331 and 332:
F) ~e influence of twigs to the mom
Page 333 and 334:
:) When the sliding speed is in the
Page 335 and 336:
Sampling and measurements Particle
Page 337 and 338:
0 ,----,---.---'--.----.----,.--- A
Page 339 and 340:
REFERENCES Bird, M., 1985. Seedbed
Page 341 and 342:
334
Page 343 and 344:
Table 1. Tillage treatments imposed
Page 345 and 346:
eKJ 1400 ..J ..J ~ z -~ let CORN I
Page 347 and 348:
Subsoiling increased grain yield fo
Page 349 and 350:
CONCLUSIONS Based on this study the
Page 351 and 352:
EFFECT OF TILLAGE METHODS ON CORN P
Page 353 and 354:
emergence. Phosphorus and Potassium
Page 355 and 356:
Table 2. Partial analysis of corn p
Page 357 and 358:
tillage plots v1as comparable to yi
Page 359 and 360:
LAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUES IN SOUT
Page 361 and 362:
TABLE 1 CLIMATE ZONES AND CROPS GRO
Page 363 and 364:
such as taro/dalo, after the soil h
Page 365 and 366:
Plantation crops dominate the regio
Page 367 and 368:
Atoll agriculture is important in t
Page 369 and 370:
For ISTRO 1991 CONTROLLED TRAFFIC A
Page 371 and 372:
Results and Discussion Seedbed and
Page 373 and 374:
The reduced number of operations fo
Page 375 and 376:
40 ~ Cl 0 N ~ t-- z w t-- z 0 u 0,:
Page 377 and 378:
Fig.' 5. Cone index profiles (kPa)
Page 379 and 380:
commonly used by farmers in inland
Page 381 and 382:
On 22 December 1988 (P
Page 383 and 384:
locations; L/SB - between sampling
Page 385 and 386:
Table 2. Effect of seedbed preparat
Page 387 and 388:
~ 01 c: += § Ci ..... Q) ;::: 0 0
Page 389 and 390:
z·r-------------------------------
Page 391 and 392:
TILLAGE AND CROPPING SYSTEMS EFFECT
Page 393 and 394:
tillage methods. (a) maize (Zea may
Page 395 and 396:
TABLE 3. Number of leaves per plant
Page 397 and 398:
TABLE 7, Maize grain yield in the f
Page 399 and 400:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS These experiments
Page 401 and 402:
SEEDBED PREPARATION AND lvEED CONTR
Page 403 and 404:
appears that for gliricidia.the hei
Page 405 and 406:
2 November 1984. Ababa, Ethiopia. I
Page 407 and 408:
Table 2. Effect of method of seedbe
Page 409 and 410:
EFFECTS OF TYPE OF SEEDBED AND SESB
Page 411 and 412:
The four placement methods above ap
Page 413 and 414:
application (direct effect) and yie
Page 415 and 416:
Table 3. Effects of sesbania sesban
Page 417 and 418:
ADAPTIVE NO-TILL TIEI).RJDGING TRIA
Page 419 and 420:
September 1990 and November 1990 ne
Page 421 and 422:
0 '+c 0 0 0:: 0 '" (c, 0 " c •'D
Page 423 and 424:
REFERENCES 1) G. L. Chavunduka. "So
Page 425 and 426:
production-protection systems suita
Page 427 and 428:
at about one meter intervals along
Page 429 and 430:
The figures for hand hoeing, instal
Page 431 and 432:
een so vigorous that by the time th
Page 433 and 434:
Gotora, P. (1991): Adaptive no-till
Page 435 and 436:
Grain was harvested using a small p
Page 437 and 438:
Table 1 Effect of fallow management
Page 439 and 440:
Table 3 Effect of fallow management
Page 441 and 442:
of Touchton et al. (1982) and Touch
Page 443 and 444:
SOIL NITROGEN In 1988, results for
Page 445 and 446:
Lamb, J.A., G.A. Peterson, and C.R.
Page 447 and 448:
Table2 Soil N, at 0-15cm depth, fro
Page 449 and 450:
10 r-----;----+---'--+------t GRIFF
Page 451 and 452:
lasting several years in order to d
Page 453 and 454:
Table 2. Basic soil tillage (A) Mai
Page 455 and 456:
The effects that the fertilization
Page 457 and 458:
Table 5. Soyabean grain yield (t/ha
Page 459 and 460:
that the best results were obtained
Page 461 and 462:
S F SOtiRCE 0 WEED INFESTATION PLAN
Page 463 and 464:
grains - row crop (like cotton) - p
Page 465 and 466:
In modern agriculture with a high c
Page 467 and 468:
speaking there are four methods con
Page 469 and 470:
Fig, 8: Weeds after weeding brush i
Page 471 and 472:
and infiltration rate (irrigation)
Page 473 and 474:
5. SUMMARY Weed control as a very c
Page 475 and 476:
[11] Kohlenberg, F.-H.: Untersuchun
Page 477 and 478:
470
Page 479 and 480:
2.1.1 CLIMATE The main characterist
Page 481 and 482:
As it can be seen, ERa varies consi
Page 483 and 484:
Morgan R.P.C. (1986): Soil erosion
Page 485 and 486:
"'" ). ___...,. ral ..otl _,.,.., n
Page 487 and 488:
G.raph No 1 Rainfall .Jiatribution
Page 489 and 490:
The tillage treatments imposed on l
Page 491 and 492:
No Tillage (NT) Direct Drill (DD) 3
Page 493 and 494:
No Tillage (NT) Direct Drill (DO) f
Page 495 and 496:
aindrop impac~, surface roughness a
Page 497 and 498:
l Tahl.e 1 - Sioopl.e reg>:essi.on
Page 499 and 500:
Table 2 - cempa.riaon of 1980 and 1
Page 501 and 502:
At Cowra, pH was significantly lowe
Page 503 and 504:
REFERENCES Allison, L.E., 1965. "Or
Page 505 and 506:
Laflen, J.M., Baker, J.L., Hartwing
Page 507 and 508:
Methods For the interrill erosion s
Page 509 and 510:
erosion from the rain-fed discharge
Page 511 and 512:
Eckert, D.J. 1987b. Evaluation of r
Page 513 and 514:
2 .. 0 ~---------------------------
Page 515 and 516:
macro- and micro-nutrients to the s
Page 517 and 518:
RESULTS Crop productivity The effec
Page 519 and 520:
Table 2. Effect of scalping treatme
Page 521 and 522:
SILAGE CORN DRY MATTER (1/ha) 14 CO
Page 523 and 524:
in the humus-accumulative horizon o
Page 525 and 526:
518
Page 527 and 528:
520
Page 529 and 530:
in farmers fields under different m
Page 531 and 532:
Constraints to Food Production in t
Page 533 and 534:
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL FEASIBILIT
Page 535 and 536:
the cotton areas. The used implemen
Page 537 and 538:
Developments in chemical weed contr
Page 539 and 540:
Table 2. Annual total scheme requir
Page 541 and 542:
Table 4 Ca.lculRI.ed fuel and lubri
Page 543 and 544:
SOCIO ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN TI
Page 545 and 546:
fertilizer d~ill and ridger/ridge s
Page 547 and 548:
arid (49,6%) and arid zone (75,57%)
Page 549 and 550:
Table-1 Adoption of preparatory til
Page 551 and 552:
1 2 3 5 EDUCATION Illiterate n 1 =
Page 553 and 554:
ATTITUDES TOWARD AND PARTICIPATION
Page 555 and 556:
enrolled in the program. Property o
Page 557 and 558:
elated to: 1) knowledge of conserva
Page 559 and 560:
conservation programs designed to r
Page 561 and 562:
Footnotes 1. Cross compliance means
Page 563 and 564:
Hatley, Michael L., R. Terry Ervin
Page 565 and 566:
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON EROSION AN
Page 567 and 568:
Downstream benefits, by contrast, a
Page 569 and 570:
thin topsoil layers, or is more exp
Page 571 and 572:
Table 2. Region Annual Total Damage
Page 573 and 574:
Developing countries have little ex
Page 575 and 576:
Larson, E. w., F. J. Pierce, and R.
Page 577 and 578:
570
Page 579 and 580:
Methods Experiment 1 Root growth re
Page 581 and 582:
comparison between Eavis's (1967) r
Page 583 and 584:
Fig. 3. Cumulativa root contact•
Page 585 and 586:
References Bengough, A.G. and Mulli
Page 587 and 588:
allocated to groups according to an
Page 589 and 590:
Table 2. CULTSA VB at a glance. 1).
Page 591 and 592:
Recommendation 4 (R4), The cultivat
Page 593 and 594:
586
Page 595 and 596:
588
Page 597 and 598:
Other studies, however, have shown
Page 599 and 600:
Maximum soil temperature within the
Page 601 and 602:
Table 1: Maize grain yields (Mg/ha)
Page 603 and 604:
.. / · .. , :r ;lj.J,
Page 605 and 606:
TILLAGE AND MULCH EFFECTS ON GROWTH
Page 607 and 608:
-- without any fertilizer (F 0 ) co
Page 609 and 610:
TABLE 2. Maize grain yield as affec
Page 611 and 612:
TABLE 5. Effects of fertility and m
Page 613 and 614:
REFERENCES Aina, P.o., 1979, Soil c
Page 615 and 616:
the soil and help improve soil stru
Page 617 and 618:
esistance average value of about 35
Page 619 and 620:
highest inTI treatment (0,52 t/ha a
Page 621 and 622:
Table 7, Economy of okra production
Page 623 and 624:
MULCH RATE EFFECTS ON MAIZE GROWTH
Page 625 and 626:
were measured at harvest. The Oxyge
Page 627 and 628:
TABLE 2. Analysis of variance table
Page 629 and 630:
Oxygen Diffusion Rate (ODR): The OD
Page 631 and 632:
REFERENCES Bond, J.S. and Willis, W
Page 633 and 634:
FERTILIZATION AND ROTATION OF THE S
Page 635 and 636:
microbiology scientists to increase
Page 637 and 638:
crop residues added to the soil obt
Page 639 and 640:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors expres
Page 641 and 642:
Torres, E. & Neumaier, N., 1988. Po
Page 643 and 644:
TABLE 2. Fertilizer recommendations
Page 645 and 646:
TABLE 4. Farm division in four plot
Page 647 and 648:
Table 1. Cultivation treatments for
Page 649 and 650:
soil tillage or under discharrowing
Page 651 and 652:
Table 5 Effect of soil til~age on b
Page 653 and 654:
Komljenovic, I. (1990): Mogucnost p
Page 655 and 656:
RESULTS OF A 10-YEAR REDUCED SOIL T
Page 657 and 658:
differences among tillage methods w
Page 659 and 660:
Table 1 - Results of 10 -year long
Page 661 and 662:
THE EFFECT OF SURFACE RESIDUES AND
Page 663 and 664:
ow The IIJbterranean clover was sow
Page 665 and 666:
Table 2. The above ground vegetativ
Page 667 and 668:
The large number of earthworms in t
Page 669 and 670:
Russell, J.S. and Isbell, R.F. Univ
Page 671 and 672:
Section 11 Postscript 664
Page 673 and 674:
tractor draw tillage tools over the
Page 675 and 676:
Table 3(a) Treatment Mean> for Meas
Page 677 and 678:
Table 4: Summary of Statistical Ana
Page 679 and 680:
Soil Properties The depth of soil d
Page 681 and 682:
674
Page 683 and 684:
INTRODUCTION In Nigeria, mound maki
Page 685 and 686:
METHODS AND MATERIALS 4 The tillage
Page 687 and 688:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6 The advant
Page 689 and 690:
REFERENCES Ijioma, C.I. 1987. Hardn
Page 691 and 692:
FIG. I TYPf I MACHINE FIG· 2 TYPE
Page 693 and 694:
~ li r I .-U r t"' ~e. A ., · n ~~
show all

SG (Slot)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?