Guidelines for second generation HIV surveillance - World Health ...

Figure 2.3. Diversity of concentrated epidemics in Indonesia
LEGEND
• Province boundary
Epi Category
• No HRG presence
• Large pop, small HRG
• Sizeable IDU only
• Sizeable SW only
• PIDU and FSW/Waria present
Source: Indonesia Heterogeneity Synthesis by Pandu Riono, Virginia Loo, Pandu Harimurti, David Wilson, World Bank report June 2009
Past studies have revealed the following:
• In Papua, the epidemic situation is the most serious. Large numbers of reported AIDS cases and reports
of high-risk behaviours led to a series of special surveys to characterize the epidemic in this region. In
a representative household survey of people aged 15–49 years conducted in 2006, HIV prevalence was
2.4%. Prevalence was higher than 1.0% in a range of areas, from accessible to inaccessible lowlands to
the highlands.
• Further exploration of the key mode of transmission in Papua found that most new infections could be
traced back to sex work. For this reason, the epidemic in Papua is considered to be concentrated rather
than generalized.
Another example is the distribution of HIV infection in South Africa by province, based on the results of ANC
surveillance data (Figure 2.4).
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