Guidelines for second generation HIV surveillance - World Health ...

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Figure 2.3. Diversity of concentrated epidemics in Indonesia LEGEND • Province boundary Epi Category • No HRG presence • Large pop, small HRG • Sizeable IDU only • Sizeable SW only • PIDU and FSW/Waria present Source: Indonesia Heterogeneity Synthesis by Pandu Riono, Virginia Loo, Pandu Harimurti, David Wilson, World Bank report June 2009 Past studies have revealed the following: • In Papua, the epidemic situation is the most serious. Large numbers of reported AIDS cases and reports of high-risk behaviours led to a series of special surveys to characterize the epidemic in this region. In a representative household survey of people aged 15–49 years conducted in 2006, HIV prevalence was 2.4%. Prevalence was higher than 1.0% in a range of areas, from accessible to inaccessible lowlands to the highlands. • Further exploration of the key mode of transmission in Papua found that most new infections could be traced back to sex work. For this reason, the epidemic in Papua is considered to be concentrated rather than generalized. Another example is the distribution of HIV infection in South Africa by province, based on the results of ANC surveillance data (Figure 2.4). 20
Figure 2.4. HIV prevalence among ANC attendees in South Africa, 2008 • Province boundary Deprivation index (above average) greater than 2.6 Perinatal mortality (above average) 30.7 – 45.9 Evaluating a National Surveillance System NVP preg. wom coverage (
Page 1 and 2: UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global
Page 3 and 4: UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global
Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introd
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction 1.1. What is second
Page 9 and 10: 1.4. What this update includes This
Page 11 and 12: • Data from interventions or prog
Page 13 and 14: Epidemic categories Low-level epide
Page 15 and 16: If data from proxy groups have been
Page 17 and 18: 2.2.2. Step 2: Estimate the size of
Page 19 and 20: Table 2.3. Summary of methods for e
Page 21 and 22: In generalized epidemics, distingui
Page 23: Figure 2.2. Stratification by regio
Page 27 and 28: 3. Design a comprehensive surveilla
Page 29 and 30: Tips for developing a national surv
Page 31 and 32: Low-level epidemic: brief explanato
Page 33 and 34: Surveillance activities for general
Page 35 and 36: Track key events where the burden o
Page 37 and 38: 3.1.4. Understand mortality trends
Page 39 and 40: • Prepare annual reports of the e
Page 41 and 42: As much as possible, this type of e
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4.2. Using HIV prevalence tr
Page 45 and 46: • Individuals may migrate to urba
Page 47 and 48: Probability surveys are the most ri
Page 49 and 50: Trends among young people or recent
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4.6. Asian Epidemic Model pr
Page 53 and 54: More precise risk behaviour data th
Page 55 and 56: Using data to plan programmes in In
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.9. Results from Modes of T
Page 59 and 60: How to deal with data aggregation i
Page 61 and 62: Figure A.3. HIV sentinel surveillan
Page 63 and 64: Initiating second generation HIV su
Page 65 and 66: Networks (social, sexual) Outcome P
Page 67 and 68: 17. Patel SV et al. Filling a gap:
Page 69 and 70: Notes .............................
Page 72: For more information, contact: Worl

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