Guidelines for second generation HIV surveillance - World Health ...

Networks (social, sexual)
Outcome
Persons who inject drugs
Precision
Prevalence
Probability sample
Rapid situation analysis (RSA)
Risk factor
Saturation
Second generation surveillance
Sex worker (SW)
• Direct
• Indirect
Surveillance group
Targeted interventions
Triangulation
Transmission dynamics
Proxy groups
Reliability
Risk intensity
The set of relationships among members of a defined population over a specified period of
time. The relationships can be defined in multiple ways:
• social networks refer generally to the relationships among those who know each other
through friendship or acquaintanceship
• sexual networks refer to the linkages between members of a group based on who has/had
a sexual relationship
The behavioural changes among individuals or organizations/institutions related to changing
the likelihood of transmitting disease or for utilizing care and treatment services
Those who inject drugs for recreational purposes, that is, for non-medical purposes
In the context of surveillance and estimates, refers to how close an estimate is to other
estimates made using the same methodology; that is, when a method is repeated, the degree
to which a result is consistent
The proportion of people who currently have a disease or health condition in a defined
population
A group of methods in sampling in which the probability of a respondent being selected for
the sample is known and can be used in the analysis of survey data. This results in data that
are representative of the larger population.
A method for characterizing groups in a geographical unit which can be conducted quickly
and with limited resources. Most rapid situation analyses are used during planning for an
intervention.
A behavioural, biological or environmental factor associated with a higher likelihood of
acquiring or transmitting a disease
When the epidemic is no longer increasing, a level of HIV prevalence is reached among a
population. A majority of persons who are susceptible to infection have already been infected.
The process of data collection and analyses used to track the course of an HIV epidemic,
identifying where the most new infections are likely to be occurring and assessing the
current burden of disease. Methods include size estimation of key populations at higher
risk, biological and behavioural probability surveys, facility-based sentinel surveillance, case
reporting and routine monitoring data.
Person who sells sex for money or gifts
• Direct sex workers derive their primary income from selling sex. This group includes
brothel-based and street-based sex workers.
• Indirect sex workers work in establishments other than those purely meant for sex work.
For example, they may work as waitresses, bartenders, dancers, masseuses and then sell
sex to clients they meet through their place of work.
A defined group among whom a surveillance-related data collection activity is conducted, to
make an estimate about the level of disease, behaviour or other risk characteristic of that
group
HIV prevention interventions that are focused on key populations at higher risk for HIV
exposure. These often include a peer education strategy to deliver behaviour change
communication and commodities such as condoms, lubricants and needles/syringes
A data analysis process in which multiple sources of data are considered together to come to
a conclusion on a question related to an epidemic or intervention
The mechanism by which a communicable disease occurs within a population. It defines the
size and direction of an epidemic.
A group with a large proportion of members who engage in a risk behaviour associated with
acquiring or transmitting HIV. Surveillance activities may be conducted among proxy groups
when it is not feasible to sample specifically defined key populations at higher risk for HIV
exposure.
The degree to which an operational method provides consistent results if repeated multiple
times
The degree to which a key population practises behaviours associated with a high risk of
acquiring or transmitting HIV
Evaluating a National Surveillance System
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