Frontier Tanzania Environmental Research REPORT 110 ...

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Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve 2 Figure 1 Extent of major upland areas in eastern and south-eastern Africa, the Zanzibar-Inhambane regional mosaic (sensu White, 1983a and b), and the Coastal Forest belt as defined in this Chapter (which encompasses the Swahilia n regional centre of endemism and the Swahilian/Maputaland regional transition zone). Taken from Burgess and Clarke, 2000. Coastal Forests can be found between sea level and 1100m a.s.l. and experience a tropical monsoon climate of the Indian Ocean with a unimodal (south of Dar es Salaam) or bimodal (north of Dar es Salaam) mean annual rainfall of 510 to 2000mm (Clarke 2000). At least 194 patches of Coastal Forest known to cover a combined area of 3167km 2 ; 2km 2 within Somalia, 660km 2 within Kenya, 696.6km 2 within Tanzania, 1790km 2 within Mozambique, 16km 2 within Malawi and 2.88km 2 within Zimbabwe (Burgess, Clarke & Rodgers 1998). This could well be the smallest forest coverage of any major forest type in Africa. The majority of Coastal Forest patches, of which there may be over 250 in total, are
Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve 3 1.1.5 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT At least in Kenya and Tanzania, the majority (c.80%) of Coastal Forests are under some form of government protection (Burgess et al. 2000). Within these countries 56 forests covering 1001km 2 (out of a total of 1386km 2 ) have the status of Forest Reserve. Smaller numbers and areas of Coastal Forests have the status of National Park, National Reserve, National Monument (Kenya only), Game Reserve or Sacred forest. Within Tanzania, 21 forests covering 145km 2 are of no known status. Many Forest Reserves (gazetted during the colonial period before 1961) encompass a lot of non-Coastal Forest habitat, such as woodland or thicket that may act as buffer zones to the high forest areas. Some Forest Reserves are comprised entirely of woodland habitats along the coast and some contain plantations. 1.1.6 CONSERVATION Coastal Forests epitomise the difficulty of conservation; they are small and highly fragmented patches surrounded by relatively impoverished rural communities, with a high and growing demand for and dependence on forest resources (Rodgers 2000). All forests are distinct and have high levels of local endemism, thus making prioiritisation difficult. A set of criteria with which to rate forests in order that those of highest biodiversity conservation value are given priority has yet to be devised. A strategy to identify core and buffer zones within forests to enable local use of forest edge resources and environmental education at many levels is also lacking (Rodgers 2000). Projects run by governments, conservation partners including NGO’s and local communities are however currently in place in many areas and have had patchy success. 1.1.7 PREVIOUS WORK Previous work in Coastal Forests has generally used 1:50,000 Ordanance Survey maps, government Forestry Department records and fieldwork to assess the location, extent and legal status of various forests. As a result of the Civil War in Mozambique however, little remains known of its Coastal Forests (Burgess et al. 2000). In Tanzania work has been carried out by a variety of researchers including many from Dar es Salaam and those within the Frontier-Tanzania Coastal Forest Research Programme, run between 1980 and 1994, covering 25 Coastal Forests (see publications list at the end of this report). Much remains to be known however about the extent of Coastal Forest, its vegetation assemblages, the ecology and biogeography of its flora and fauna and the richness and diversity of different forest patches. The Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa was published in 2000 (edited by Burgess and Clarke) and is a synthesis of information on Coastal Forests from various sources. It covers definitions, physical background, vegetation and status, biodiversity values and human and forest interactions. This text is considered the most current and complete work on Coastal Forests and thus its various chapters are frequently referenced in this report. Frontier-TanzaniaCoastal Forest Research Programme
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