Frontier Tanzania Environmental Research REPORT 110 ...

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Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve 8 N Approximate Scale: 1 km Figure 3 Location of Kazimzumwi FR in relation to surrounding towns and villages. Frontier-TanzaniaCoastal Forest Research Programme
Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve 9 4. FLORAL DIVERSITY OF KAZIMZUMBWI FOREST RESERVE Authors: Staddon, S. Ntemi, A.S., Hall, S.M. and Murphy, A. 4.1 INTRODUCTION Coastal Forests contain an estimated 3000 plant species in 750 genera (Clarke, Vollesen & Mwasumbi 2000). Based on theoretical values of species richness, this makes Coastal Forests less species rich than Guineo-Congolian forest but more so than Eastern Arc forests. The phylogenetic affinities of Coastal Forests are infact closer to Guineo-Congolian forests than Eastern Arc forests. Coastal Forests may be relicts of the former pan-African lowland forests as genera dominating these forests are now limited to Coastal Forests and Guineo-Congolian forests, for example many Caesalpinioideae legumes (Clarke & Robertson 2000). Despite covering only c.1% of White’s (1993) Zanzibar-Inhambane Regional Mosaic/Swahilian Region sensu lato , Coastal Forests contain 70% of the regions endemic plant species and 91% of its endemic genera. Of the regions endemic flora, 42% of specie s are forest dependent, as are 69% of genera (Clarke, Vollesen & Mwasumbi 2000). The main vegetation formation type of Coastal Forests is ‘forest’. This term is much misused however and therefore it is defined here as a continuous stand of trees 10-50m tall, comprising several layers or strata, with overlapping tree crowns, few lianes, obvious shrub layer, sparse ground layer and few grasses (sensu White (1983), after Clarke 2000). Coastal Forests comprise ‘typical’, ‘sub-type’, ‘variant’ and ‘transition’ vegetation formation types, as defined by Clarke (2000) and are summarized in Figure 4 and Appendix 1. Botanical collection and investigation in East Africa started at the end of the 18 th Century, with a shift in focus from Mozambique to Tanzania and Kenya with European colonisation (Clarke, Vollesen & Mwasumbi 2000). The 1980’s and 1990’s saw an increased effort in botanical work within Coastal Forests, however it was neither complete nor comprehensive. There remains much to be learnt about the floristic composition and ecology of Coastal Forests; wherein there is still scope to discover new species (Clarke, Vollesen & Mwasumbi 2000). Frontier-TanzaniaCoastal Forest Research Programme
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