Hermes: A Tutorial and Reference Manual - Researcher - IBM

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::=(expression)AppendixA.HermesConcreteSyntax143 ::=currentprogram Literalsofvarioustypes: the{element::=selector function{reference ::=unique literal::=integer{literal ::=real{literal ::=named{literal ::=string{literal ::=outport{primarycall{arguments program{literal ::=program{literal ::=attributename{literal ::=typename{literal ::=process(declaration) attributename{literal ::=processlink{name endprocess [handler]... begin [declaration{section] [pragma] typename{literal ::=nattributenameattribute{namen [statement;]... Adenitionsmodulecomprisesacollectionoftypeandconstraintdenitions.Atypedenitionassociatesanamewithatypeconstruction,while aconstraintdeninitionassociatesanamewithanattributeconstruction. Apragmamayoptionallyappearwitheithertypeofdenition. ::=denitions ::=ntypenametype{namen denitions{module{body enddenitions [denition;]...
144A.2.SyntacticRules Typeconstructions: type{construction denition::=denition{name:[pragma]construction construction::=type{construction ::=callmessage( ::=boolean(boolean{association) ::=attribute{construction ::=[ordered]enumeration( ...] )[constant{parameters] exitexit{typestate [user{exception]... [minimum] [component{declaration[,component{declaration] ::=inportofcallmessage{typeentry{typestate ::=polymorph ::=nominal ::=outportofinport{type ::=integer [named{literal[,named{literal]...] ::=realofaccuracyinteger{literal/integer{literal ::=[ordered]tableofelement{typeelement{typestate ::=record( [component{declaration[,component{declaration] Varioussyntacticelementsusedintypedenitions: boolean{association ::=true:named{literal,false:named{literal ::=variantofenumeration{type( )[case{declaration[,case{declaration]...] [keys[key]...] ::=false:named{literal,true:named{literal
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DavidF.BaconArthurP.GoldbergAndyLow
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Preface Thisdocumentcontainsatutori
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iv3TypeandTypestateChecking 5Resear
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Tutorial PartI 1
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ortransactions.AHermesmoduleisastra
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61.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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81.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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101.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesP
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121.4.PuttingProcessesTogether thec
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141.4.PuttingProcessesTogether newI
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fullycheckedfortypeandtypestateerro
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constructs:thenewinput-port,connect
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201.5.DeclarationsandDenitions whil
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221.5.DeclarationsandDenitions Stan
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whichtheoutputportconnects|calledth
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261.6.ASimpleServer begin QuitCM:Qu
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281.6.ASimpleServer towritedataabst
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toaservice,whileretainingtheability
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322.1.Requirements PutLine PutLine
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342.3.Interfaces WMInterface:callme
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asmallchangetotheinterfaceFilter.Re
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382.5.Front-endProcess callParms.Ge
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402.5.Front-endProcess paringavalue
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ationtable[expr].Wehaveencounteredt
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ishiddenandinnowayaectsthesemantics
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462.7.TheWindowManager callCurrentW
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name.Ifwewaitedtobuildtheapplicatio
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502.8.CreatingaWindowApplication re
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522.8.CreatingaWindowApplication be
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examplesillustratedhere. errorhandl
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563.TypeandTypestateChecking anerro
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583.TypeandTypestateChecking Therei
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604.1.ExpressionBlocks anexpression
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624.3.Variants thevariantcomponents
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thetypestate(i.e.addattributes),but
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accesscontrol{anyonecangetit. 664.4
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685.ResearchDirectionsinHermes
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6Introduction Thereferencemanualpre
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7LexicalandSyntacticRules lectionso
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8Resolution name,attributename,exce
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8.1.2ComponentNames eachhaveacompon
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onthehandlerandusedontheexitstateme
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theelementwillalsobeknownbyapplying
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documentationpurposesevenwheretheya
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ments.Therstargumenttocasemustbeava
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Ifinit(CM)ispresentandCMisacallmess
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6.Determinethepostconditionsforeach
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droppedattributesafternormalcomplet
Page 100 and 101: 11 HermesOperations Throughoutthere
Page 102 and 103: Thediscardstatementremovesthevaluef
Page 104 and 105: Ifnoneoftheclausescanexitsnormally,
Page 106 and 107: Ifthereisanoptionalselectexpression
Page 108 and 109: stmemberisanatomwithprintnamematchi
Page 110 and 111: types.Additionally,theoperations\an
Page 112 and 113: Less,Less-equal,Greater,Greater-equ
Page 114 and 115: RecordTypeFamily 11.5RecordOperatio
Page 116 and 117: valueofthetable,ifany,isdiscarded.
Page 118 and 119: thetableisordered,theelementisinser
Page 120 and 121: notallowedonconstantcopies.Avariabl
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Page 124 and 125: willbeuninitialized,andthedestinati
Page 126 and 127: Itistheabilityforprogramstosendandr
Page 128 and 129: Connect Theconnectstatementhastwoop
Page 130 and 131: possible,andstoresitinadestinationv
Page 132 and 133: incompatiblewiththeinputporttypeoft
Page 134 and 135: Inspect-polymorph willincludefinit(
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Page 138 and 139: type).Ifthecheckfails,theexceptionD
Page 140 and 141: isusuallygeneratedasacoercionwhenme
Page 142 and 143: A.1LexicalRules Webeginwiththerules
Page 144 and 145: accuracy against andy assert drop e
Page 146 and 147: Thesimplestatements: simple{stateme
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Page 152 and 153: user{exception constant{parameters
Page 154 and 155: formal{variable module{name::=ident
Page 156 and 157: Typestatesappearinginparticularcont
Page 158 and 159: destination,source,andposition.Some
Page 160 and 161: operandwillnolongerbeinitialized. B
Page 162 and 163: Followingaretheinferencefunctionsap
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Page 166 and 167: copy(source,destination):Foreachatt
Page 168 and 169: assert(continued) Description:Evalu
Page 170 and 171: case(continued) Description:Copythe
Page 172 and 173: copy(continued) Preconditions: unco
Page 174 and 175: drop(continued) SpecialRules:Thenum
Page 176 and 177: exists(continued) SpecialRules:Thes
Page 178 and 179: forall(continued) Description:Ifeve
Page 180 and 181: greater(continued) Description:Ifso
Page 182 and 183: insert{at(table,element,position) T
Page 184 and 185: integer{literal(result) TypeRules:
Page 186 and 187: merge{at(continued) Description:Rem
Page 188 and 189: not(result,source) TypeRules: Appen
Page 190 and 191: print(variable) TypeRules:None Prec
Page 192 and 193: emove(element,table) TypeRules: App
Page 194 and 195: select(continued) SpecialRules:Allt
Page 196 and 197: subtract(result,source1,source2) Ty
Page 198 and 199: unary{minus(result,source) TypeRule
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wrap(continued) Preconditions: var(
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definitions predefined:using() Appe
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);'named'->typename:typenameffullg
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{{Specicinformationneededtocomplete
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attrdefinition:record( attributeid:
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statement:record( id:statementid, o
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{{Ablockstatementqualieridentiesthe
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{{expressionisfalse. ifqualifier:re
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{{expression.The'element'rootvariab
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[ASU88]AlfredV.Aho,RaviSethi,andJer
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[SYB87a]RobertE.Strom,ShaulaAlexand
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AppendixC.PredenedModule215 coercio
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AppendixC.PredenedModule217 dening,
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variablename discarded,29 variant,6
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